Configure clean up actions dynamically

Some actions may be performed when scrcpy exits, currently:
 - disable "show touches"
 - restore "stay on while plugged in"
 - power off screen
 - restore "power mode" (to disable "turn screen off")

They are performed from a separate process so that they can be executed
even when scrcpy-server is killed (e.g. if the device is unplugged).

The clean up actions to perform were configured when scrcpy started.
Given that there is no method to read the current "power mode" in
Android, and that "turn screen off" can be applied at any time using an
scrcpy shortcut, there was no way to determine if "power mode" had to be
restored on exit. Therefore, it was always restored to "normal", even
when not necessary.

However, setting the "power mode" is quite fragile on some devices, and
may cause some issues, so it is preferable to call it only when
necessary (when "turn screen off" has actually been called).

For that purpose, make the scrcpy-server main process and the clean up
process communicate the actions to perform over a pipe (stdin/stdout),
so that they can be changed dynamically. In particular, when the power
mode is changed at runtime, notify the clean up process.

Refs 1beec99f82
Refs #4456 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/4456>
Refs #4624 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/4624>
PR #4649 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/pull/4649>

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# scrcpy (v2.2)
+# scrcpy (v2.3.1)
 
 <img src="app/data/icon.svg" width="128" height="128" alt="scrcpy" align="right" />
 

app/data/bash-completion/scrcpy

@@ -115,13 +115,12 @@ _scrcpy() {
             COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W 'front back external' -- "$cur"))
             return
             ;;
-        --orientation
+        --orientation|--display-orientation)
-        --display-orientation)
+            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W '0 90 180 270 flip0 flip90 flip180 flip270' -- "$cur"))
-            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -> '0 90 180 270 flip0 flip90 flip180 flip270' -- "$cur"))
             return
             ;;
         --record-orientation)
-            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -> '0 90 180 270' -- "$cur"))
+            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W '0 90 180 270' -- "$cur"))
             return
             ;;
         --lock-video-orientation)

app/data/scrcpy-console.desktop

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Comment=Display and control your Android device
 # For some users, the PATH or ADB environment variables are set from the shell
 # startup file, like .bashrc or .zshrc… Run an interactive shell to get
 # environment correctly initialized.
-Exec=/bin/sh -c "\"\\$SHELL\" -i -c scrcpy --pause-on-exit=if-error"
+Exec=/bin/sh -c "\\$SHELL -i -c 'scrcpy --pause-on-exit=if-error'"
 Icon=scrcpy
 Terminal=true
 Type=Application

app/data/scrcpy.desktop

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Comment=Display and control your Android device
 # For some users, the PATH or ADB environment variables are set from the shell
 # startup file, like .bashrc or .zshrc… Run an interactive shell to get
 # environment correctly initialized.
-Exec=/bin/sh -c "\"\\$SHELL\" -i -c scrcpy"
+Exec=/bin/sh -c "\\$SHELL -i -c scrcpy"
 Icon=scrcpy
 Terminal=false
 Type=Application

app/scrcpy-windows.rc

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ BEGIN
       VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Romain Vimont, Genymobile"
       VALUE "OriginalFilename", "scrcpy.exe"
       VALUE "ProductName", "scrcpy"
-      VALUE "ProductVersion", "v2.2"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", "2.3.1"
     END
   END
   BLOCK "VarFileInfo"

app/scrcpy.1

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Use USB device (if there is exactly one, like adb -d).
 Also see \fB\-e\fR (\fB\-\-select\-tcpip\fR).
 
 .TP
-.BI "\-\-disable-screensaver"
+.BI "\-\-disable\-screensaver"
 Disable screensaver while scrcpy is running.
 
 .TP
@@ -642,7 +642,11 @@ Enable/disable FPS counter (print frames/second in logs)
 
 .TP
 .B Ctrl+click-and-move
-Pinch-to-zoom from the center of the screen
+Pinch-to-zoom and rotate from the center of the screen
+
+.TP
+.B Shift+click-and-move
+Tilt (slide vertically with two fingers)
 
 .TP
 .B Drag & drop APK file

app/src/adb/adb.c

@@ -458,6 +458,7 @@ sc_adb_list_devices(struct sc_intr *intr, unsigned flags,
         // in the buffer in a single pass
         LOGW("Result of \"adb devices -l\" does not fit in 64Kb. "
              "Please report an issue.");
+        free(buf);
         return false;
     }
 

app/src/audio_player.h

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
 #include "common.h"
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
-#include "trait/frame_sink.h"
-#include <util/audiobuf.h>
-#include <util/average.h>
-#include <util/thread.h>
-#include <util/tick.h>
-
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
 #include <libswresample/swresample.h>
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 
+#include "trait/frame_sink.h"
+#include "util/audiobuf.h"
+#include "util/average.h"
+#include "util/thread.h"
+#include "util/tick.h"
+
 struct sc_audio_player {
     struct sc_frame_sink frame_sink;
 

app/src/cli.c

@@ -947,7 +947,11 @@ static const struct sc_shortcut shortcuts[] = {
     },
     {
         .shortcuts = { "Ctrl+click-and-move" },
-        .text = "Pinch-to-zoom from the center of the screen",
+        .text = "Pinch-to-zoom and rotate from the center of the screen",
+    },
+    {
+        .shortcuts = { "Shift+click-and-move" },
+        .text = "Tilt (slide vertically with two fingers)",
     },
     {
         .shortcuts = { "Drag & drop APK file" },
@@ -2154,7 +2158,7 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
                     return false;
                 }
                 break;
-            case OPT_ORIENTATION:
+            case OPT_ORIENTATION: {
                 enum sc_orientation orientation;
                 if (!parse_orientation(optarg, &orientation)) {
                     return false;
@@ -2162,6 +2166,7 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
                 opts->display_orientation = orientation;
                 opts->record_orientation = orientation;
                 break;
+            }
             case OPT_RENDER_DRIVER:
                 opts->render_driver = optarg;
                 break;
@@ -2393,6 +2398,8 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
 
     if (!opts->video) {
         opts->video_playback = false;
+        // Do not power on the device on start if video capture is disabled
+        opts->power_on = false;
     }
 
     if (!opts->audio) {

app/src/demuxer.c

@@ -227,8 +227,9 @@ run_demuxer(void *data) {
     }
 
     // Config packets must be merged with the next non-config packet only for
-    // video streams
+    // H.26x
-    bool must_merge_config_packet = codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+    bool must_merge_config_packet = raw_codec_id == SC_CODEC_ID_H264
+                                 || raw_codec_id == SC_CODEC_ID_H265;
 
     struct sc_packet_merger merger;
 

app/src/input_manager.c

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ sc_input_manager_init(struct sc_input_manager *im,
     im->sdl_shortcut_mods.count = shortcut_mods->count;
 
     im->vfinger_down = false;
+    im->vfinger_invert_x = false;
+    im->vfinger_invert_y = false;
 
     im->last_keycode = SDLK_UNKNOWN;
     im->last_mod = 0;
@@ -347,9 +349,14 @@ simulate_virtual_finger(struct sc_input_manager *im,
 }
 
 static struct sc_point
-inverse_point(struct sc_point point, struct sc_size size) {
+inverse_point(struct sc_point point, struct sc_size size,
+              bool invert_x, bool invert_y) {
+    if (invert_x) {
         point.x = size.width - point.x;
+    }
+    if (invert_y) {
         point.y = size.height - point.y;
+    }
     return point;
 }
 
@@ -605,7 +612,9 @@ sc_input_manager_process_mouse_motion(struct sc_input_manager *im,
         struct sc_point mouse =
            sc_screen_convert_window_to_frame_coords(im->screen, event->x,
                                                     event->y);
-        struct sc_point vfinger = inverse_point(mouse, im->screen->frame_size);
+        struct sc_point vfinger = inverse_point(mouse, im->screen->frame_size,
+                                                im->vfinger_invert_x,
+                                                im->vfinger_invert_y);
         simulate_virtual_finger(im, AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE, vfinger);
     }
 }
@@ -726,7 +735,7 @@ sc_input_manager_process_mouse_button(struct sc_input_manager *im,
         return;
     }
 
-    // Pinch-to-zoom simulation.
+    // Pinch-to-zoom, rotate and tilt simulation.
     //
     // If Ctrl is hold when the left-click button is pressed, then
     // pinch-to-zoom mode is enabled: on every mouse event until the left-click
@@ -735,14 +744,29 @@ sc_input_manager_process_mouse_button(struct sc_input_manager *im,
     //
     // In other words, the center of the rotation/scaling is the center of the
     // screen.
-#define CTRL_PRESSED (SDL_GetModState() & (KMOD_LCTRL | KMOD_RCTRL))
+    //
+    // To simulate a tilt gesture (a vertical slide with two fingers), Shift
+    // can be used instead of Ctrl. The "virtual finger" has a position
+    // inverted with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry in the middle of
+    // the screen.
+    const SDL_Keymod keymod = SDL_GetModState();
+    const bool ctrl_pressed = keymod & KMOD_CTRL;
+    const bool shift_pressed = keymod & KMOD_SHIFT;
     if (event->button == SDL_BUTTON_LEFT &&
-            ((down && !im->vfinger_down && CTRL_PRESSED) ||
+            ((down && !im->vfinger_down &&
+              ((ctrl_pressed && !shift_pressed) ||
+               (!ctrl_pressed && shift_pressed))) ||
              (!down && im->vfinger_down))) {
         struct sc_point mouse =
             sc_screen_convert_window_to_frame_coords(im->screen, event->x,
                                                                  event->y);
-        struct sc_point vfinger = inverse_point(mouse, im->screen->frame_size);
+        if (down) {
+            im->vfinger_invert_x = ctrl_pressed || shift_pressed;
+            im->vfinger_invert_y = ctrl_pressed;
+        }
+        struct sc_point vfinger = inverse_point(mouse, im->screen->frame_size,
+                                                im->vfinger_invert_x,
+                                                im->vfinger_invert_y);
         enum android_motionevent_action action = down
                                                ? AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN
                                                : AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP;

app/src/input_manager.h

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ struct sc_input_manager {
     } sdl_shortcut_mods;
 
     bool vfinger_down;
+    bool vfinger_invert_x;
+    bool vfinger_invert_y;
 
     // Tracks the number of identical consecutive shortcut key down events.
     // Not to be confused with event->repeat, which counts the number of

app/src/scrcpy.c

@@ -419,12 +419,21 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
         sdl_set_hints(options->render_driver);
     }
 
-    // Initialize the video subsystem even if --no-video or --no-video-playback
+    if (options->video_playback ||
-    // is passed so that clipboard synchronization still works.
+            (options->control && options->clipboard_autosync)) {
+        // Initialize the video subsystem even if --no-video or
+        // --no-video-playback is passed so that clipboard synchronization
+        // still works.
         // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/4418>
         if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
+            // If it fails, it is an error only if video playback is enabled
+            if (options->video_playback) {
                 LOGE("Could not initialize SDL video: %s", SDL_GetError());
                 goto end;
+            } else {
+                LOGW("Could not initialize SDL video: %s", SDL_GetError());
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     if (options->audio_playback) {

app/src/usb/scrcpy_otg.c

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ scrcpy_otg(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
     // Minimal SDL initialization
     if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVENTS)) {
         LOGE("Could not initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
-        return false;
+        return SCRCPY_EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
     atexit(SDL_Quit);

doc/build.md

@@ -233,10 +233,10 @@ install` must be run as root)._
 
 #### Option 2: Use prebuilt server
 
- - [`scrcpy-server-v2.2`][direct-scrcpy-server]  
+ - [`scrcpy-server-v2.3.1`][direct-scrcpy-server]  
-   <sub>SHA-256: `c85c4aa84305efb69115cd497a120ebdd10258993b4cf123a8245b3d99d49874`</sub>
+   <sub>SHA-256: `f6814822fc308a7a532f253485c9038183c6296a6c5df470a9e383b4f8e7605b`</sub>
 
-[direct-scrcpy-server]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.2/scrcpy-server-v2.2
+[direct-scrcpy-server]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.3.1/scrcpy-server-v2.3.1
 
 Download the prebuilt server somewhere, and specify its path during the Meson
 configuration:

doc/camera.md

@@ -18,6 +18,17 @@ scrcpy --video-source=display --audio-source=mic    # force display AND micropho
 scrcpy --video-source=camera --audio-source=output  # force camera AND device audio output
 ```
 
+Audio can be disabled:
+
+```bash
+# audio not captured at all
+scrcpy --video-source=camera --no-audio
+scrcpy --video-source=camera --no-audio --record=file.mp4
+
+# audio captured and recorded, but not played
+scrcpy --video-source=camera --no-audio-playback --record=file.mp4
+```
+
 
 ## List
 

doc/control.md

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ way as <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>).
 To disable automatic clipboard synchronization, use
 `--no-clipboard-autosync`.
 
-## Pinch-to-zoom
+## Pinch-to-zoom, rotate and tilt simulation
 
 To simulate "pinch-to-zoom": <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_click-and-move_.
 
@@ -93,8 +93,12 @@ More precisely, hold down <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> while pressing the left-click button.
 Until the left-click button is released, all mouse movements scale and rotate
 the content (if supported by the app) relative to the center of the screen.
 
+To simulate a tilt gesture: <kbd>Shift</kbd>+_click-and-move-up-or-down_.
+
 Technically, _scrcpy_ generates additional touch events from a "virtual finger"
-at a location inverted through the center of the screen.
+at a location inverted through the center of the screen. When pressing
+<kbd>Ctrl</kbd> the x and y coordinates are inverted. Using <kbd>Shift</kbd>
+only inverts x.
 
 
 ## Key repeat

doc/shortcuts.md

@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ _<kbd>[Super]</kbd> is typically the <kbd>Windows</kbd> or <kbd>Cmd</kbd> key._
  | Synchronize clipboards and paste⁵           | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>
  | Inject computer clipboard text              | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>v</kbd>
  | Enable/disable FPS counter (on stdout)      | <kbd>MOD</kbd>+<kbd>i</kbd>
- | Pinch-to-zoom                               | <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_click-and-move_
+ | Pinch-to-zoom/rotate                        | <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+_click-and-move_
+ | Tilt (slide vertically with 2 fingers)      | <kbd>Shift</kbd>+_click-and-move_
  | Drag & drop APK file                        | Install APK from computer
  | Drag & drop non-APK file                    | [Push file to device](control.md#push-file-to-device)
 

doc/v4l2.md

@@ -21,6 +21,13 @@ This will create a new video device in `/dev/videoN`, where `N` is an integer
 (more [options](https://github.com/umlaeute/v4l2loopback#options) are available
 to create several devices or devices with specific IDs).
 
+If you encounter problems detecting your device with Chrome/WebRTC, you can try
+`exclusive_caps` mode:
+
+```
+sudo modprobe v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1
+```
+
 To list the enabled devices:
 
 ```bash

doc/windows.md

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 
 Download the [latest release]:
 
- - [`scrcpy-win64-v2.2.zip`][direct-win64] (64-bit)  
+ - [`scrcpy-win64-v2.3.1.zip`][direct-win64] (64-bit)  
-   <sub>SHA-256: `9f9da88ac4c8319dcb9bf852f2d9bba942bac663413383419cddf64eaa5685bd`</sub>
+   <sub>SHA-256: `f1f78ac98214078425804e524a1bed515b9d4b8a05b78d210a4ced2b910b262d`</sub>
- - [`scrcpy-win32-v2.2.zip`][direct-win32] (32-bit)  
+ - [`scrcpy-win32-v2.3.1.zip`][direct-win32] (32-bit)  
-   <sub>SHA-256: `cb84269fc847b8b880e320879492a1ae6c017b42175f03e199530f7a53be9d74`</sub>
+   <sub>SHA-256: `5dffc2d432e9b8b5b0e16f12e71428c37c70d9124cfbe7620df0b41b7efe91ff`</sub>
 
 [latest release]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/latest
-[direct-win64]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.2/scrcpy-win64-v2.2.zip
+[direct-win64]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.3.1/scrcpy-win64-v2.3.1.zip
-[direct-win32]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.2/scrcpy-win32-v2.2.zip
+[direct-win32]: https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.3.1/scrcpy-win32-v2.3.1.zip
 
 and extract it.
 

install_release.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 set -e
 
 BUILDDIR=build-auto
-PREBUILT_SERVER_URL=https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.2/scrcpy-server-v2.2
+PREBUILT_SERVER_URL=https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/releases/download/v2.3.1/scrcpy-server-v2.3.1
-PREBUILT_SERVER_SHA256=c85c4aa84305efb69115cd497a120ebdd10258993b4cf123a8245b3d99d49874
+PREBUILT_SERVER_SHA256=f6814822fc308a7a532f253485c9038183c6296a6c5df470a9e383b4f8e7605b
 
 echo "[scrcpy] Downloading prebuilt server..."
 wget "$PREBUILT_SERVER_URL" -O scrcpy-server

meson.build

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 project('scrcpy', 'c',
-        version: 'v2.2',
+        version: '2.3.1',
         meson_version: '>= 0.48',
         default_options: [
             'c_std=c11',
@@ -16,5 +16,3 @@ endif
 if get_option('compile_server')
     subdir('server')
 endif
-
-run_target('run', command: ['scripts/run-scrcpy.sh'])

scripts/run-scrcpy.sh

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-SCRCPY_SERVER_PATH="$MESON_BUILD_ROOT/server/scrcpy-server" "$MESON_BUILD_ROOT/app/scrcpy"

server/build.gradle

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ android {
         applicationId "com.genymobile.scrcpy"
         minSdkVersion 21
         targetSdkVersion 34
-        versionCode 200
+        versionCode 20301
-        versionName "v2.2"
+        versionName "2.3.1"
         testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
     }
     buildTypes {

server/build_without_gradle.sh

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 set -e
 
 SCRCPY_DEBUG=false
-SCRCPY_VERSION_NAME=v2.2
+SCRCPY_VERSION_NAME=2.3.1
 
 PLATFORM=${ANDROID_PLATFORM:-34}
 BUILD_TOOLS=${ANDROID_BUILD_TOOLS:-34.0.0}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/AudioCapture.java

@@ -153,13 +153,14 @@ public final class AudioCapture {
             previousRecorderTimestamp = timestamp.nanoTime;
         } else {
             if (nextPts == 0) {
-                Ln.w("Could not get any audio timestamp");
+                Ln.w("Could not get initial audio timestamp");
+                nextPts = System.nanoTime() / 1000;
             }
             // compute from previous timestamp and packet size
             pts = nextPts;
         }
 
-        long durationUs = r * 1000000 / (CHANNELS * BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * SAMPLE_RATE);
+        long durationUs = r * 1000000L / (CHANNELS * BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * SAMPLE_RATE);
         nextPts = pts + durationUs;
 
         if (previousPts != 0 && pts < previousPts + ONE_SAMPLE_US) {

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/CleanUp.java

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
-import android.os.Parcel;
-import android.os.Parcelable;
-import android.util.Base64;
-
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
 
 /**
  * Handle the cleanup of scrcpy, even if the main process is killed.
@@ -14,127 +11,59 @@ import java.io.IOException;
  */
 public final class CleanUp {
 
-    // A simple struct to be passed from the main process to the cleanup process
+    private static final int MSG_TYPE_MASK = 0b11;
-    public static class Config implements Parcelable {
+    private static final int MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_STAY_ON = 0;
+    private static final int MSG_TYPE_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES = 1;
+    private static final int MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE = 2;
+    private static final int MSG_TYPE_POWER_OFF_SCREEN = 3;
 
-        public static final Creator<Config> CREATOR = new Creator<Config>() {
+    private static final int MSG_PARAM_SHIFT = 2;
-            @Override
+
-            public Config createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+    private final OutputStream out;
-                return new Config(in);
+
+    public CleanUp(OutputStream out) {
+        this.out = out;
     }
 
-            @Override
+    public static CleanUp configure(int displayId) throws IOException {
-            public Config[] newArray(int size) {
+        String[] cmd = {"app_process", "/", CleanUp.class.getName(), String.valueOf(displayId)};
-                return new Config[size];
-            }
-        };
-
-        private static final int FLAG_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES = 1;
-        private static final int FLAG_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE = 2;
-        private static final int FLAG_POWER_OFF_SCREEN = 4;
-
-        private int displayId;
-
-        // Restore the value (between 0 and 7), -1 to not restore
-        // <https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/Settings.Global#STAY_ON_WHILE_PLUGGED_IN>
-        private int restoreStayOn = -1;
-
-        private boolean disableShowTouches;
-        private boolean restoreNormalPowerMode;
-        private boolean powerOffScreen;
-
-        public Config() {
-            // Default constructor, the fields are initialized by CleanUp.configure()
-        }
-
-        protected Config(Parcel in) {
-            displayId = in.readInt();
-            restoreStayOn = in.readInt();
-            byte options = in.readByte();
-            disableShowTouches = (options & FLAG_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES) != 0;
-            restoreNormalPowerMode = (options & FLAG_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE) != 0;
-            powerOffScreen = (options & FLAG_POWER_OFF_SCREEN) != 0;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
-            dest.writeInt(displayId);
-            dest.writeInt(restoreStayOn);
-            byte options = 0;
-            if (disableShowTouches) {
-                options |= FLAG_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES;
-            }
-            if (restoreNormalPowerMode) {
-                options |= FLAG_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE;
-            }
-            if (powerOffScreen) {
-                options |= FLAG_POWER_OFF_SCREEN;
-            }
-            dest.writeByte(options);
-        }
-
-        private boolean hasWork() {
-            return disableShowTouches || restoreStayOn != -1 || restoreNormalPowerMode || powerOffScreen;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int describeContents() {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        byte[] serialize() {
-            Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
-            writeToParcel(parcel, 0);
-            byte[] bytes = parcel.marshall();
-            parcel.recycle();
-            return bytes;
-        }
-
-        static Config deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
-            Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
-            parcel.unmarshall(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
-            parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-            return CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcel);
-        }
-
-        static Config fromBase64(String base64) {
-            byte[] bytes = Base64.decode(base64, Base64.NO_WRAP);
-            return deserialize(bytes);
-        }
-
-        String toBase64() {
-            byte[] bytes = serialize();
-            return Base64.encodeToString(bytes, Base64.NO_WRAP);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private CleanUp() {
-        // not instantiable
-    }
-
-    public static void configure(int displayId, int restoreStayOn, boolean disableShowTouches, boolean restoreNormalPowerMode, boolean powerOffScreen)
-            throws IOException {
-        Config config = new Config();
-        config.displayId = displayId;
-        config.disableShowTouches = disableShowTouches;
-        config.restoreStayOn = restoreStayOn;
-        config.restoreNormalPowerMode = restoreNormalPowerMode;
-        config.powerOffScreen = powerOffScreen;
-
-        if (config.hasWork()) {
-            startProcess(config);
-        } else {
-            // There is no additional clean up to do when scrcpy dies
-            unlinkSelf();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void startProcess(Config config) throws IOException {
-        String[] cmd = {"app_process", "/", CleanUp.class.getName(), config.toBase64()};
 
         ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(cmd);
         builder.environment().put("CLASSPATH", Server.SERVER_PATH);
-        builder.start();
+        Process process = builder.start();
+        return new CleanUp(process.getOutputStream());
+    }
+
+    private boolean sendMessage(int type, int param) {
+        assert (type & ~MSG_TYPE_MASK) == 0;
+        int msg = type | param << MSG_PARAM_SHIFT;
+        try {
+            out.write(msg);
+            out.flush();
+            return true;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Ln.w("Could not configure cleanup (type=" + type + ", param=" + param + ")", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean setRestoreStayOn(int restoreValue) {
+        // Restore the value (between 0 and 7), -1 to not restore
+        // <https://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/Settings.Global#STAY_ON_WHILE_PLUGGED_IN>
+        assert restoreValue >= -1 && restoreValue <= 7;
+        return sendMessage(MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_STAY_ON, restoreValue & 0b1111);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setDisableShowTouches(boolean disableOnExit) {
+        return sendMessage(MSG_TYPE_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES, disableOnExit ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setRestoreNormalPowerMode(boolean restoreOnExit) {
+        return sendMessage(MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE, restoreOnExit ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    public boolean setPowerOffScreen(boolean powerOffScreenOnExit) {
+        return sendMessage(MSG_TYPE_POWER_OFF_SCREEN, powerOffScreenOnExit ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public static void unlinkSelf() {
@@ -148,19 +77,44 @@ public final class CleanUp {
     public static void main(String... args) {
         unlinkSelf();
 
+        int displayId = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
+
+        int restoreStayOn = -1;
+        boolean disableShowTouches = false;
+        boolean restoreNormalPowerMode = false;
+        boolean powerOffScreen = false;
+
         try {
             // Wait for the server to die
-            System.in.read();
+            int msg;
+            while ((msg = System.in.read()) != -1) {
+                int type = msg & MSG_TYPE_MASK;
+                int param = msg >> MSG_PARAM_SHIFT;
+                switch (type) {
+                    case MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_STAY_ON:
+                        restoreStayOn = param > 7 ? -1 : param;
+                        break;
+                    case MSG_TYPE_DISABLE_SHOW_TOUCHES:
+                        disableShowTouches = param != 0;
+                        break;
+                    case MSG_TYPE_RESTORE_NORMAL_POWER_MODE:
+                        restoreNormalPowerMode = param != 0;
+                        break;
+                    case MSG_TYPE_POWER_OFF_SCREEN:
+                        powerOffScreen = param != 0;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Ln.w("Unexpected msg type: " + type);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // Expected when the server is dead
         }
 
         Ln.i("Cleaning up");
 
-        Config config = Config.fromBase64(args[0]);
+        if (disableShowTouches) {
-
-        if (config.disableShowTouches || config.restoreStayOn != -1) {
-            if (config.disableShowTouches) {
             Ln.i("Disabling \"show touches\"");
             try {
                 Settings.putValue(Settings.TABLE_SYSTEM, "show_touches", "0");
@@ -168,24 +122,26 @@ public final class CleanUp {
                 Ln.e("Could not restore \"show_touches\"", e);
             }
         }
-            if (config.restoreStayOn != -1) {
+
+        if (restoreStayOn != -1) {
             Ln.i("Restoring \"stay awake\"");
             try {
-                    Settings.putValue(Settings.TABLE_GLOBAL, "stay_on_while_plugged_in", String.valueOf(config.restoreStayOn));
+                Settings.putValue(Settings.TABLE_GLOBAL, "stay_on_while_plugged_in", String.valueOf(restoreStayOn));
             } catch (SettingsException e) {
                 Ln.e("Could not restore \"stay_on_while_plugged_in\"", e);
             }
         }
-        }
 
         if (Device.isScreenOn()) {
-            if (config.powerOffScreen) {
+            if (powerOffScreen) {
                 Ln.i("Power off screen");
-                Device.powerOffScreen(config.displayId);
+                Device.powerOffScreen(displayId);
-            } else if (config.restoreNormalPowerMode) {
+            } else if (restoreNormalPowerMode) {
                 Ln.i("Restoring normal power mode");
                 Device.setScreenPowerMode(Device.POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
             }
         }
+
+        System.exit(0);
     }
 }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Controller.java

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public class Controller implements AsyncProcessor {
 
     private final Device device;
     private final DesktopConnection connection;
+    private final CleanUp cleanUp;
     private final DeviceMessageSender sender;
     private final boolean clipboardAutosync;
     private final boolean powerOn;
@@ -41,9 +42,10 @@ public class Controller implements AsyncProcessor {
 
     private boolean keepPowerModeOff;
 
-    public Controller(Device device, DesktopConnection connection, boolean clipboardAutosync, boolean powerOn) {
+    public Controller(Device device, DesktopConnection connection, CleanUp cleanUp, boolean clipboardAutosync, boolean powerOn) {
         this.device = device;
         this.connection = connection;
+        this.cleanUp = cleanUp;
         this.clipboardAutosync = clipboardAutosync;
         this.powerOn = powerOn;
         initPointers();
@@ -170,6 +172,10 @@ public class Controller implements AsyncProcessor {
                     if (setPowerModeOk) {
                         keepPowerModeOff = mode == Device.POWER_MODE_OFF;
                         Ln.i("Device screen turned " + (mode == Device.POWER_MODE_OFF ? "off" : "on"));
+                        if (cleanUp != null) {
+                            boolean mustRestoreOnExit = mode != Device.POWER_MODE_NORMAL;
+                            cleanUp.setRestoreNormalPowerMode(mustRestoreOnExit);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 break;

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Device.java

@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ public final class Device {
         void onClipboardTextChanged(String text);
     }
 
-    private final Size deviceSize;
     private final Rect crop;
     private int maxSize;
     private final int lockVideoOrientation;
 
+    private Size deviceSize;
     private ScreenInfo screenInfo;
     private RotationListener rotationListener;
     private FoldListener foldListener;
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ public final class Device {
                             return;
                         }
 
-                        screenInfo = ScreenInfo.computeScreenInfo(displayInfo.getRotation(), displayInfo.getSize(), options.getCrop(),
+                        deviceSize = displayInfo.getSize();
-                                options.getMaxSize(), options.getLockVideoOrientation());
+                        screenInfo = ScreenInfo.computeScreenInfo(displayInfo.getRotation(), deviceSize, crop, maxSize, lockVideoOrientation);
                         // notify
                         if (foldListener != null) {
                             foldListener.onFoldChanged(displayId, folded);
@@ -164,6 +164,10 @@ public final class Device {
         }
     }
 
+    public int getDisplayId() {
+        return displayId;
+    }
+
     public synchronized void setMaxSize(int newMaxSize) {
         maxSize = newMaxSize;
         screenInfo = ScreenInfo.computeScreenInfo(screenInfo.getReverseVideoRotation(), deviceSize, crop, newMaxSize, lockVideoOrientation);

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/ScreenCapture.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.ServiceManager;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.SurfaceControl;
 
 import android.graphics.Rect;
+import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.view.Surface;
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ public class ScreenCapture extends SurfaceCapture implements Device.RotationList
 
     private final Device device;
     private IBinder display;
+    private VirtualDisplay virtualDisplay;
 
     public ScreenCapture(Device device) {
         this.device = device;
@@ -34,9 +37,29 @@ public class ScreenCapture extends SurfaceCapture implements Device.RotationList
 
         if (display != null) {
             SurfaceControl.destroyDisplay(display);
+            display = null;
         }
+        if (virtualDisplay != null) {
+            virtualDisplay.release();
+            virtualDisplay = null;
+        }
+
+        try {
             display = createDisplay();
             setDisplaySurface(display, surface, videoRotation, contentRect, unlockedVideoRect, layerStack);
+            Ln.d("Display: using SurfaceControl API");
+        } catch (Exception surfaceControlException) {
+            Rect videoRect = screenInfo.getVideoSize().toRect();
+            try {
+                virtualDisplay = ServiceManager.getDisplayManager()
+                        .createVirtualDisplay("scrcpy", videoRect.width(), videoRect.height(), device.getDisplayId(), surface);
+                Ln.d("Display: using DisplayManager API");
+            } catch (Exception displayManagerException) {
+                Ln.e("Could not create display using SurfaceControl", surfaceControlException);
+                Ln.e("Could not create display using DisplayManager", displayManagerException);
+                throw new AssertionError("Could not create display");
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -69,7 +92,7 @@ public class ScreenCapture extends SurfaceCapture implements Device.RotationList
         requestReset();
     }
 
-    private static IBinder createDisplay() {
+    private static IBinder createDisplay() throws Exception {
         // Since Android 12 (preview), secure displays could not be created with shell permissions anymore.
         // On Android 12 preview, SDK_INT is still R (not S), but CODENAME is "S".
         boolean secure = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.R || (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R && !"S".equals(

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Server.java

@@ -51,16 +51,19 @@ public final class Server {
         // not instantiable
     }
 
-    private static void initAndCleanUp(Options options) {
+    private static void initAndCleanUp(Options options, CleanUp cleanUp) {
-        boolean mustDisableShowTouchesOnCleanUp = false;
+        // This method is called from its own thread, so it may only configure cleanup actions which are NOT dynamic (i.e. they are configured once
-        int restoreStayOn = -1;
+        // and for all, they cannot be changed from another thread)
-        boolean restoreNormalPowerMode = options.getControl(); // only restore power mode if control is enabled
+
-        if (options.getShowTouches() || options.getStayAwake()) {
         if (options.getShowTouches()) {
             try {
                 String oldValue = Settings.getAndPutValue(Settings.TABLE_SYSTEM, "show_touches", "1");
                 // If "show touches" was disabled, it must be disabled back on clean up
-                    mustDisableShowTouchesOnCleanUp = !"1".equals(oldValue);
+                if (!"1".equals(oldValue)) {
+                    if (!cleanUp.setDisableShowTouches(true)) {
+                        Ln.e("Could not disable show touch on exit");
+                    }
+                }
             } catch (SettingsException e) {
                 Ln.e("Could not change \"show_touches\"", e);
             }
@@ -71,26 +74,24 @@ public final class Server {
             try {
                 String oldValue = Settings.getAndPutValue(Settings.TABLE_GLOBAL, "stay_on_while_plugged_in", String.valueOf(stayOn));
                 try {
-                        restoreStayOn = Integer.parseInt(oldValue);
+                    int restoreStayOn = Integer.parseInt(oldValue);
-                        if (restoreStayOn == stayOn) {
+                    if (restoreStayOn != stayOn) {
-                            // No need to restore
+                        // Restore only if the current value is different
-                            restoreStayOn = -1;
+                        if (!cleanUp.setRestoreStayOn(restoreStayOn)) {
+                            Ln.e("Could not restore stay on on exit");
+                        }
                     }
                 } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                        restoreStayOn = 0;
+                    // ignore
                 }
             } catch (SettingsException e) {
                 Ln.e("Could not change \"stay_on_while_plugged_in\"", e);
             }
         }
-        }
 
-        if (options.getCleanup()) {
+        if (options.getPowerOffScreenOnClose()) {
-            try {
+            if (!cleanUp.setPowerOffScreen(true)) {
-                CleanUp.configure(options.getDisplayId(), restoreStayOn, mustDisableShowTouchesOnCleanUp, restoreNormalPowerMode,
+                Ln.e("Could not power off screen on exit");
-                        options.getPowerOffScreenOnClose());
-            } catch (IOException e) {
-                Ln.e("Could not configure cleanup", e);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -101,7 +102,13 @@ public final class Server {
             throw new ConfigurationException("Camera mirroring is not supported");
         }
 
-        Thread initThread = startInitThread(options);
+        CleanUp cleanUp = null;
+        Thread initThread = null;
+
+        if (options.getCleanup()) {
+            cleanUp = CleanUp.configure(options.getDisplayId());
+            initThread = startInitThread(options, cleanUp);
+        }
 
         int scid = options.getScid();
         boolean tunnelForward = options.isTunnelForward();
@@ -124,7 +131,7 @@ public final class Server {
             }
 
             if (control) {
-                Controller controller = new Controller(device, connection, options.getClipboardAutosync(), options.getPowerOn());
+                Controller controller = new Controller(device, connection, cleanUp, options.getClipboardAutosync(), options.getPowerOn());
                 device.setClipboardListener(text -> controller.getSender().pushClipboardText(text));
                 asyncProcessors.add(controller);
             }
@@ -167,7 +174,9 @@ public final class Server {
 
             completion.await();
         } finally {
+            if (initThread != null) {
                 initThread.interrupt();
+            }
             for (AsyncProcessor asyncProcessor : asyncProcessors) {
                 asyncProcessor.stop();
             }
@@ -175,7 +184,9 @@ public final class Server {
             connection.shutdown();
 
             try {
+                if (initThread != null) {
                     initThread.join();
+                }
                 for (AsyncProcessor asyncProcessor : asyncProcessors) {
                     asyncProcessor.join();
                 }
@@ -187,8 +198,8 @@ public final class Server {
         }
     }
 
-    private static Thread startInitThread(final Options options) {
+    private static Thread startInitThread(final Options options, final CleanUp cleanUp) {
-        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> initAndCleanUp(options), "init-cleanup");
+        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> initAndCleanUp(options, cleanUp), "init-cleanup");
         thread.start();
         return thread;
     }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Workarounds.java

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ public final class Workarounds {
     }
 
     public static void apply(boolean audio, boolean camera) {
+        boolean mustFillConfigurationController = false;
         boolean mustFillAppInfo = false;
         boolean mustFillAppContext = false;
 
@@ -85,11 +86,23 @@ public final class Workarounds {
             mustFillAppContext = true;
         }
 
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+            // On some Samsung devices, DisplayManagerGlobal.getDisplayInfoLocked() calls ActivityThread.currentActivityThread().getConfiguration(),
+            // which requires a non-null ConfigurationController.
+            // ConfigurationController was introduced in Android 12, so do not attempt to set it on lower versions.
+            // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/4467>
+            mustFillConfigurationController = true;
+        }
+
+        if (mustFillConfigurationController) {
+            // Must be call before fillAppContext() because it is necessary to get a valid system context
+            fillConfigurationController();
+        }
         if (mustFillAppInfo) {
-            Workarounds.fillAppInfo();
+            fillAppInfo();
         }
         if (mustFillAppContext) {
-            Workarounds.fillAppContext();
+            fillAppContext();
         }
     }
 
@@ -149,6 +162,22 @@ public final class Workarounds {
         }
     }
 
+    private static void fillConfigurationController() {
+        try {
+            Class<?> configurationControllerClass = Class.forName("android.app.ConfigurationController");
+            Class<?> activityThreadInternalClass = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThreadInternal");
+            Constructor<?> configurationControllerConstructor = configurationControllerClass.getDeclaredConstructor(activityThreadInternalClass);
+            configurationControllerConstructor.setAccessible(true);
+            Object configurationController = configurationControllerConstructor.newInstance(ACTIVITY_THREAD);
+
+            Field configurationControllerField = ACTIVITY_THREAD_CLASS.getDeclaredField("mConfigurationController");
+            configurationControllerField.setAccessible(true);
+            configurationControllerField.set(ACTIVITY_THREAD, configurationController);
+        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
+            Ln.d("Could not fill configuration: " + throwable.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
     static Context getSystemContext() {
         try {
             Method getSystemContextMethod = ACTIVITY_THREAD_CLASS.getDeclaredMethod("getSystemContext");
@@ -256,16 +285,28 @@ public final class Workarounds {
                     Method getParcelMethod = attributionSourceState.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getParcel");
                     Parcel attributionSourceParcel = (Parcel) getParcelMethod.invoke(attributionSourceState);
 
+                    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE) {
                         // private native int native_setup(Object audiorecordThis,
                         // Object /*AudioAttributes*/ attributes,
                         // int[] sampleRate, int channelMask, int channelIndexMask, int audioFormat,
                         // int buffSizeInBytes, int[] sessionId, @NonNull Parcel attributionSource,
                         // long nativeRecordInJavaObj, int maxSharedAudioHistoryMs);
-                    Method nativeSetupMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("native_setup", Object.class, Object.class, int[].class, int.class,
+                        Method nativeSetupMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("native_setup", Object.class, Object.class, int[].class,
-                            int.class, int.class, int.class, int[].class, Parcel.class, long.class, int.class);
+                                int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, int[].class, Parcel.class, long.class, int.class);
                         nativeSetupMethod.setAccessible(true);
-                    initResult = (int) nativeSetupMethod.invoke(audioRecord, new WeakReference<AudioRecord>(audioRecord), attributes, sampleRateArray,
+                        initResult = (int) nativeSetupMethod.invoke(audioRecord, new WeakReference<AudioRecord>(audioRecord), attributes,
-                            channelMask, channelIndexMask, audioRecord.getAudioFormat(), bufferSizeInBytes, session, attributionSourceParcel, 0L, 0);
+                                sampleRateArray, channelMask, channelIndexMask, audioRecord.getAudioFormat(), bufferSizeInBytes, session,
+                                attributionSourceParcel, 0L, 0);
+                    } else {
+                        // Android 14 added a new int parameter "halInputFlags"
+                        // <https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_frameworks_base/commit/f6135d75db79b1d48fad3a3b3080d37be20a2313>
+                        Method nativeSetupMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("native_setup", Object.class, Object.class, int[].class,
+                                int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, int[].class, Parcel.class, long.class, int.class, int.class);
+                        nativeSetupMethod.setAccessible(true);
+                        initResult = (int) nativeSetupMethod.invoke(audioRecord, new WeakReference<AudioRecord>(audioRecord), attributes,
+                                sampleRateArray, channelMask, channelIndexMask, audioRecord.getAudioFormat(), bufferSizeInBytes, session,
+                                attributionSourceParcel, 0L, 0, 0);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ActivityManager.java

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 @SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
@@ -26,7 +25,20 @@ public final class ActivityManager {
     private Method startActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod;
     private Method forceStopPackageMethod;
 
-    public ActivityManager(IInterface manager) {
+    static ActivityManager create() {
+        try {
+            // On old Android versions, the ActivityManager is not exposed via AIDL,
+            // so use ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
+            Class<?> cls = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManagerNative");
+            Method getDefaultMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getDefault");
+            IInterface am = (IInterface) getDefaultMethod.invoke(null);
+            return new ActivityManager(am);
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ActivityManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ public final class ActivityManager {
                 return null;
             }
             return new ContentProvider(this, provider, name, token);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException | NoSuchFieldException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -86,7 +98,7 @@ public final class ActivityManager {
         try {
             Method method = getRemoveContentProviderExternalMethod();
             method.invoke(manager, name, token);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ClipboardManager.java

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import android.content.IOnPrimaryClipChangedListener;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class ClipboardManager {
@@ -20,7 +19,18 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
     private int setMethodVersion;
     private int addListenerMethodVersion;
 
-    public ClipboardManager(IInterface manager) {
+    static ClipboardManager create() {
+        IInterface clipboard = ServiceManager.getService("clipboard", "android.content.IClipboard");
+        if (clipboard == null) {
+            // Some devices have no clipboard manager
+            // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/1440>
+            // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/1556>
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new ClipboardManager(clipboard);
+    }
+
+    private ClipboardManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -41,8 +51,21 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
                             getPrimaryClipMethod = manager.getClass().getMethod("getPrimaryClip", String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class);
                             getMethodVersion = 2;
                         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e3) {
+                            try {
                                 getPrimaryClipMethod = manager.getClass().getMethod("getPrimaryClip", String.class, int.class, String.class);
                                 getMethodVersion = 3;
+                            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e4) {
+                                try {
+                                    getPrimaryClipMethod = manager.getClass()
+                                            .getMethod("getPrimaryClip", String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class, boolean.class);
+                                    getMethodVersion = 4;
+                                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e5) {
+                                    getPrimaryClipMethod = manager.getClass()
+                                            .getMethod("getPrimaryClip", String.class, String.class, String.class, String.class, int.class, int.class,
+                                                    boolean.class);
+                                    getMethodVersion = 5;
+                                }
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -74,8 +97,7 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
         return setPrimaryClipMethod;
     }
 
-    private static ClipData getPrimaryClip(Method method, int methodVersion, IInterface manager)
+    private static ClipData getPrimaryClip(Method method, int methodVersion, IInterface manager) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-            throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
             return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
         }
@@ -87,13 +109,17 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
                 return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
             case 2:
                 return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, 0);
-            default:
+            case 3:
                 return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, null);
+            case 4:
+                // The last boolean parameter is "userOperate"
+                return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, 0, true);
+            default:
+                return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, null, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, 0, true);
         }
     }
 
-    private static void setPrimaryClip(Method method, int methodVersion, IInterface manager, ClipData clipData)
+    private static void setPrimaryClip(Method method, int methodVersion, IInterface manager, ClipData clipData) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-            throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
             method.invoke(manager, clipData, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
             return;
@@ -120,7 +146,7 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
                 return null;
             }
             return clipData.getItemAt(0).getText();
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -132,14 +158,14 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
             ClipData clipData = ClipData.newPlainText(null, text);
             setPrimaryClip(method, setMethodVersion, manager, clipData);
             return true;
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     private static void addPrimaryClipChangedListener(Method method, int methodVersion, IInterface manager, IOnPrimaryClipChangedListener listener)
-            throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
+            throws ReflectiveOperationException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
             method.invoke(manager, listener, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
             return;
@@ -191,7 +217,7 @@ public final class ClipboardManager {
             Method method = getAddPrimaryClipChangedListener();
             addPrimaryClipChangedListener(method, addListenerMethodVersion, manager, listener);
             return true;
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ContentProvider.java

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 
 import java.io.Closeable;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@ public final class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
     private Method callMethod;
     private int callMethodVersion;
 
-    private Object attributionSource;
-
     ContentProvider(ActivityManager manager, Object provider, String name, IBinder token) {
         this.manager = manager;
         this.provider = provider;
@@ -77,8 +74,7 @@ public final class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
         return callMethod;
     }
 
-    private Bundle call(String callMethod, String arg, Bundle extras)
+    private Bundle call(String callMethod, String arg, Bundle extras) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
-            throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         try {
             Method method = getCallMethod();
             Object[] args;
@@ -99,7 +95,7 @@ public final class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
                 }
             }
             return (Bundle) method.invoke(provider, args);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             throw e;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/DisplayControl.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 @SuppressLint({"PrivateApi", "SoonBlockedPrivateApi", "BlockedPrivateApi"})
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ public final class DisplayControl {
         try {
             Method method = getGetPhysicalDisplayTokenMethod();
             return (IBinder) method.invoke(null, physicalDisplayId);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ public final class DisplayControl {
         try {
             Method method = getGetPhysicalDisplayIdsMethod();
             return (long[]) method.invoke(null);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/DisplayManager.java

@@ -5,16 +5,33 @@ import com.genymobile.scrcpy.DisplayInfo;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Size;
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
 import android.view.Display;
+import android.view.Surface;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
+@SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
 public final class DisplayManager {
     private final Object manager; // instance of hidden class android.hardware.display.DisplayManagerGlobal
+    private Method createVirtualDisplayMethod;
 
-    public DisplayManager(Object manager) {
+    static DisplayManager create() {
+        try {
+            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.hardware.display.DisplayManagerGlobal");
+            Method getInstanceMethod = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance");
+            Object dmg = getInstanceMethod.invoke(null);
+            return new DisplayManager(dmg);
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DisplayManager(Object manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +77,7 @@ public final class DisplayManager {
             try {
                 Field filed = Display.class.getDeclaredField(flagString);
                 flags |= filed.getInt(null);
-            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+            } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
                 // Silently ignore, some flags reported by "dumpsys display" are @TestApi
             }
         }
@@ -82,7 +99,7 @@ public final class DisplayManager {
             int layerStack = cls.getDeclaredField("layerStack").getInt(displayInfo);
             int flags = cls.getDeclaredField("flags").getInt(displayInfo);
             return new DisplayInfo(displayId, new Size(width, height), rotation, layerStack, flags);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             throw new AssertionError(e);
         }
     }
@@ -90,8 +107,21 @@ public final class DisplayManager {
     public int[] getDisplayIds() {
         try {
             return (int[]) manager.getClass().getMethod("getDisplayIds").invoke(manager);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             throw new AssertionError(e);
         }
     }
+
+    private Method getCreateVirtualDisplayMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+        if (createVirtualDisplayMethod == null) {
+            createVirtualDisplayMethod = android.hardware.display.DisplayManager.class
+                    .getMethod("createVirtualDisplay", String.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, Surface.class);
+        }
+        return createVirtualDisplayMethod;
+    }
+
+    public VirtualDisplay createVirtualDisplay(String name, int width, int height, int displayIdToMirror, Surface surface) throws Exception {
+        Method method = getCreateVirtualDisplayMethod();
+        return (VirtualDisplay) method.invoke(null, name, width, height, displayIdToMirror, surface);
+    }
 }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/InputManager.java

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ package com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers;
 
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.view.InputEvent;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
+@SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
 public final class InputManager {
 
     public static final int INJECT_INPUT_EVENT_MODE_ASYNC = 0;
@@ -20,7 +21,27 @@ public final class InputManager {
     private static Method setDisplayIdMethod;
     private static Method setActionButtonMethod;
 
-    public InputManager(Object manager) {
+    static InputManager create() {
+        try {
+            Class<?> inputManagerClass = getInputManagerClass();
+            Method getInstanceMethod = inputManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance");
+            Object im = getInstanceMethod.invoke(null);
+            return new InputManager(im);
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Class<?> getInputManagerClass() {
+        try {
+            // Parts of the InputManager class have been moved to a new InputManagerGlobal class in Android 14 preview
+            return Class.forName("android.hardware.input.InputManagerGlobal");
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            return android.hardware.input.InputManager.class;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InputManager(Object manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -35,7 +56,7 @@ public final class InputManager {
         try {
             Method method = getInjectInputEventMethod();
             return (boolean) method.invoke(manager, inputEvent, mode);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -53,7 +74,7 @@ public final class InputManager {
             Method method = getSetDisplayIdMethod();
             method.invoke(inputEvent, displayId);
             return true;
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Cannot associate a display id to the input event", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -71,7 +92,7 @@ public final class InputManager {
             Method method = getSetActionButtonMethod();
             method.invoke(motionEvent, actionButton);
             return true;
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Cannot set action button on MotionEvent", e);
             return false;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/PowerManager.java

@@ -6,14 +6,18 @@ import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class PowerManager {
     private final IInterface manager;
     private Method isScreenOnMethod;
 
-    public PowerManager(IInterface manager) {
+    static PowerManager create() {
+        IInterface manager = ServiceManager.getService("power", "android.os.IPowerManager");
+        return new PowerManager(manager);
+    }
+
+    private PowerManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ public final class PowerManager {
         try {
             Method method = getIsScreenOnMethod();
             return (boolean) method.invoke(manager);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ServiceManager.java

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 @SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ public final class ServiceManager {
         /* not instantiable */
     }
 
-    private static IInterface getService(String service, String type) {
+    static IInterface getService(String service, String type) {
         try {
             IBinder binder = (IBinder) GET_SERVICE_METHOD.invoke(null, service);
             Method asInterfaceMethod = Class.forName(type + "$Stub").getMethod("asInterface", IBinder.class);
@@ -50,90 +49,51 @@ public final class ServiceManager {
 
     public static WindowManager getWindowManager() {
         if (windowManager == null) {
-            windowManager = new WindowManager(getService("window", "android.view.IWindowManager"));
+            windowManager = WindowManager.create();
         }
         return windowManager;
     }
 
     public static DisplayManager getDisplayManager() {
         if (displayManager == null) {
-            try {
+            displayManager = DisplayManager.create();
-                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.hardware.display.DisplayManagerGlobal");
-                Method getInstanceMethod = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance");
-                Object dmg = getInstanceMethod.invoke(null);
-                displayManager = new DisplayManager(dmg);
-            } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
-                throw new AssertionError(e);
-            }
         }
         return displayManager;
     }
 
-    public static Class<?> getInputManagerClass() {
-        try {
-            // Parts of the InputManager class have been moved to a new InputManagerGlobal class in Android 14 preview
-            return Class.forName("android.hardware.input.InputManagerGlobal");
-        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-            return android.hardware.input.InputManager.class;
-        }
-    }
-
     public static InputManager getInputManager() {
         if (inputManager == null) {
-            try {
+            inputManager = InputManager.create();
-                Class<?> inputManagerClass = getInputManagerClass();
-                Method getInstanceMethod = inputManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance");
-                Object im = getInstanceMethod.invoke(null);
-                inputManager = new InputManager(im);
-            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
-                throw new AssertionError(e);
-            }
         }
         return inputManager;
     }
 
     public static PowerManager getPowerManager() {
         if (powerManager == null) {
-            powerManager = new PowerManager(getService("power", "android.os.IPowerManager"));
+            powerManager = PowerManager.create();
         }
         return powerManager;
     }
 
     public static StatusBarManager getStatusBarManager() {
         if (statusBarManager == null) {
-            statusBarManager = new StatusBarManager(getService("statusbar", "com.android.internal.statusbar.IStatusBarService"));
+            statusBarManager = StatusBarManager.create();
         }
         return statusBarManager;
     }
 
     public static ClipboardManager getClipboardManager() {
         if (clipboardManager == null) {
-            IInterface clipboard = getService("clipboard", "android.content.IClipboard");
+            // May be null, some devices have no clipboard manager
-            if (clipboard == null) {
+            clipboardManager = ClipboardManager.create();
-                // Some devices have no clipboard manager
-                // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/1440>
-                // <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/1556>
-                return null;
-            }
-            clipboardManager = new ClipboardManager(clipboard);
         }
         return clipboardManager;
     }
 
     public static ActivityManager getActivityManager() {
         if (activityManager == null) {
-            try {
+            activityManager = ActivityManager.create();
-                // On old Android versions, the ActivityManager is not exposed via AIDL,
-                // so use ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
-                Class<?> cls = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityManagerNative");
-                Method getDefaultMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod("getDefault");
-                IInterface am = (IInterface) getDefaultMethod.invoke(null);
-                activityManager = new ActivityManager(am);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                throw new AssertionError(e);
         }
-        }
-
         return activityManager;
     }
 

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/StatusBarManager.java

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class StatusBarManager {
@@ -16,7 +15,12 @@ public final class StatusBarManager {
     private boolean expandSettingsPanelMethodNewVersion = true;
     private Method collapsePanelsMethod;
 
-    public StatusBarManager(IInterface manager) {
+    static StatusBarManager create() {
+        IInterface manager = ServiceManager.getService("statusbar", "com.android.internal.statusbar.IStatusBarService");
+        return new StatusBarManager(manager);
+    }
+
+    private StatusBarManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ public final class StatusBarManager {
             } else {
                 method.invoke(manager);
             }
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ public final class StatusBarManager {
                 // old version
                 method.invoke(manager);
             }
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ public final class StatusBarManager {
         try {
             Method method = getCollapsePanelsMethod();
             method.invoke(manager);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/SurfaceControl.java

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.view.Surface;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 @SuppressLint("PrivateApi")
@@ -78,12 +77,8 @@ public final class SurfaceControl {
         }
     }
 
-    public static IBinder createDisplay(String name, boolean secure) {
+    public static IBinder createDisplay(String name, boolean secure) throws Exception {
-        try {
         return (IBinder) CLASS.getMethod("createDisplay", String.class, boolean.class).invoke(null, name, secure);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new AssertionError(e);
-        }
     }
 
     private static Method getGetBuiltInDisplayMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException {
@@ -109,7 +104,7 @@ public final class SurfaceControl {
 
             // call getInternalDisplayToken()
             return (IBinder) method.invoke(null);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@ public final class SurfaceControl {
         try {
             Method method = getGetPhysicalDisplayTokenMethod();
             return (IBinder) method.invoke(null, physicalDisplayId);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -152,7 +147,7 @@ public final class SurfaceControl {
         try {
             Method method = getGetPhysicalDisplayIdsMethod();
             return (long[]) method.invoke(null);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return null;
         }
@@ -170,7 +165,7 @@ public final class SurfaceControl {
             Method method = getSetDisplayPowerModeMethod();
             method.invoke(null, displayToken, mode);
             return true;
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/WindowManager.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import android.os.IInterface;
 import android.view.IDisplayFoldListener;
 import android.view.IRotationWatcher;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class WindowManager {
@@ -17,7 +16,12 @@ public final class WindowManager {
     private Method isRotationFrozenMethod;
     private Method thawRotationMethod;
 
-    public WindowManager(IInterface manager) {
+    static WindowManager create() {
+        IInterface manager = ServiceManager.getService("window", "android.view.IWindowManager");
+        return new WindowManager(manager);
+    }
+
+    private WindowManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
     }
 
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ public final class WindowManager {
         try {
             Method method = getGetRotationMethod();
             return (int) method.invoke(manager);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return 0;
         }
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ public final class WindowManager {
         try {
             Method method = getFreezeRotationMethod();
             method.invoke(manager, rotation);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ public final class WindowManager {
         try {
             Method method = getIsRotationFrozenMethod();
             return (boolean) method.invoke(manager);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             return false;
         }
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ public final class WindowManager {
         try {
             Method method = getThawRotationMethod();
             method.invoke(manager);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
+        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
         }
     }