Stop on decoder frame push error

On push, frame sinks report downstream errors to stop upstream
components. Do not ignore the error.

BUILD.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ First, you need to install the required packages:
 sudo apt install ffmpeg libsdl2-2.0-0 adb wget \
                  gcc git pkg-config meson ninja-build libsdl2-dev \
                  libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev \
-                 libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev
+                 libswresample-dev libusb-1.0-0 libusb-1.0-0-dev
 ```
 
 Then clone the repo and execute the installation script
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ sudo apt install ffmpeg libsdl2-2.0-0 adb libusb-1.0-0
 # client build dependencies
 sudo apt install gcc git pkg-config meson ninja-build libsdl2-dev \
                  libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev \
-                 libusb-1.0-0-dev
+                 libswresample-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev
 
 # server build dependencies
 sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

README.md

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ preserved. That way, a device in 1920×1080 will be mirrored at 1024×576.
 The default bit-rate is 8 Mbps. To change the video bitrate (e.g. to 2 Mbps):
 
 ```bash
-scrcpy --bit-rate=2M
+scrcpy --video-bit-rate=2M
 scrcpy -b 2M  # short version
 ```
 
@@ -258,9 +258,9 @@ The video codec can be selected. The possible values are `h264` (default),
 `h265` and `av1`:
 
 ```bash
-scrcpy --codec=h264  # default
+scrcpy --video-codec=h264  # default
-scrcpy --codec=h265
+scrcpy --video-codec=h265
-scrcpy --codec=av1
+scrcpy --video-codec=av1
 ```
 
 
@@ -270,15 +270,13 @@ Some devices have more than one encoder for a specific codec, and some of them
 may cause issues or crash. It is possible to select a different encoder:
 
 ```bash
-scrcpy --encoder=OMX.qcom.video.encoder.avc
+scrcpy --video-encoder=OMX.qcom.video.encoder.avc
 ```
 
-To list the available encoders, you can pass an invalid encoder name; the
+To list the available encoders:
-error will give the available encoders:
 
 ```bash
-scrcpy --encoder=_               # for the default codec
+scrcpy --list-encoders
-scrcpy --codec=h265 --encoder=_  # for a specific codec
 ```
 
 ### Capture
@@ -444,7 +442,7 @@ none found, try running `adb disconnect`, and then run those two commands again.
 It may be useful to decrease the bit-rate and the resolution:
 
 ```bash
-scrcpy --bit-rate=2M --max-size=800
+scrcpy --video-bit-rate=2M --max-size=800
 scrcpy -b2M -m800  # short version
 ```
 

app/data/bash-completion/scrcpy

@@ -2,29 +2,33 @@ _scrcpy() {
     local cur prev words cword
     local opts="
         --always-on-top
-        -b --bit-rate=
+        --audio-bit-rate=
-        --codec=
+        --audio-codec=
-        --codec-options=
+        --audio-codec-options=
+        --audio-encoder=
+        -b --video-bit-rate=
         --crop=
         -d --select-usb
         --disable-screensaver
         --display=
         --display-buffer=
         -e --select-tcpip
-        --encoder=
         --force-adb-forward
         --forward-all-clicks
         -f --fullscreen
         -K --hid-keyboard
         -h --help
         --legacy-paste
+        --list-displays
+        --list-encoders
         --lock-video-orientation
         --lock-video-orientation=
         --max-fps=
         -M --hid-mouse
         -m --max-size=
+        --no-audio
         --no-cleanup
-        --no-clipboard-on-error
+        --no-clipboard-autosync
         --no-downsize-on-error
         -n --no-control
         -N --no-display
@@ -54,6 +58,9 @@ _scrcpy() {
         --v4l2-sink=
         -V --verbosity=
         -v --version
+        --video-codec=
+        --video-codec-options=
+        --video-encoder=
         -w --stay-awake
         --window-borderless
         --window-title=
@@ -65,10 +72,14 @@ _scrcpy() {
     _init_completion -s || return
 
     case "$prev" in
-        --codec)
+        --video-codec)
             COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W 'h264 h265 av1' -- "$cur"))
             return
             ;;
+        --audio-codec)
+            COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W 'opus aac' -- "$cur"))
+            return
+            ;;
         --lock-video-orientation)
             COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W 'unlocked initial 0 1 2 3' -- "$cur"))
             return
@@ -103,7 +114,7 @@ _scrcpy() {
             COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "$("${ADB:-adb}" devices | awk '$2 == "device" {print $1}')" -- ${cur}))
             return
             ;;
-        -b|--bit-rate \
+        -b|--video-bit-rate \
         |--codec-options \
         |--crop \
         |--display \

app/data/zsh-completion/_scrcpy

@@ -9,26 +9,30 @@ local arguments
 
 arguments=(
     '--always-on-top[Make scrcpy window always on top \(above other windows\)]'
-    {-b,--bit-rate=}'[Encode the video at the given bit-rate]'
+    '--audio-bit-rate=[Encode the audio at the given bit-rate]'
-    '--codec=[Select the video codec]:codec:(h264 h265 av1)'
+    '--audio-codec=[Select the audio codec]:codec:(opus aac)'
-    '--codec-options=[Set a list of comma-separated key\:type=value options for the device encoder]'
+    '--audio-codec-options=[Set a list of comma-separated key\:type=value options for the device audio encoder]'
+    '--audio-encoder=[Use a specific MediaCodec audio encoder]'
+    {-b,--video-bit-rate=}'[Encode the video at the given bit-rate]'
     '--crop=[\[width\:height\:x\:y\] Crop the device screen on the server]'
     {-d,--select-usb}'[Use USB device]'
     '--disable-screensaver[Disable screensaver while scrcpy is running]'
     '--display=[Specify the display id to mirror]'
     '--display-buffer=[Add a buffering delay \(in milliseconds\) before displaying]'
     {-e,--select-tcpip}'[Use TCP/IP device]'
-    '--encoder=[Use a specific MediaCodec encoder \(must be a H.264 encoder\)]'
     '--force-adb-forward[Do not attempt to use \"adb reverse\" to connect to the device]'
     '--forward-all-clicks[Forward clicks to device]'
     {-f,--fullscreen}'[Start in fullscreen]'
     {-K,--hid-keyboard}'[Simulate a physical keyboard by using HID over AOAv2]'
     {-h,--help}'[Print the help]'
     '--legacy-paste[Inject computer clipboard text as a sequence of key events on Ctrl+v]'
+    '--list-displays[List displays available on the device]'
+    '--list-encoders[List video and audio encoders available on the device]'
     '--lock-video-orientation=[Lock video orientation]:orientation:(unlocked initial 0 1 2 3)'
     '--max-fps=[Limit the frame rate of screen capture]'
     {-M,--hid-mouse}'[Simulate a physical mouse by using HID over AOAv2]'
     {-m,--max-size=}'[Limit both the width and height of the video to value]'
+    '--no-audio[Disable audio forwarding]'
     '--no-cleanup[Disable device cleanup actions on exit]'
     '--no-clipboard-autosync[Disable automatic clipboard synchronization]'
     '--no-downsize-on-error[Disable lowering definition on MediaCodec error]'
@@ -59,6 +63,9 @@ arguments=(
     '--v4l2-sink=[\[\/dev\/videoN\] Output to v4l2loopback device]'
     {-V,--verbosity=}'[Set the log level]:verbosity:(verbose debug info warn error)'
     {-v,--version}'[Print the version of scrcpy]'
+    '--video-codec=[Select the video codec]:codec:(h264 h265 av1)'
+    '--video-codec-options=[Set a list of comma-separated key\:type=value options for the device video encoder]'
+    '--video-encoder=[Use a specific MediaCodec video encoder]'
     {-w,--stay-awake}'[Keep the device on while scrcpy is running, when the device is plugged in]'
     '--window-borderless[Disable window decorations \(display borderless window\)]'
     '--window-title=[Set a custom window title]'

app/meson.build

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@ src = [
     'src/adb/adb_device.c',
     'src/adb/adb_parser.c',
     'src/adb/adb_tunnel.c',
+    'src/audio_player.c',
     'src/cli.c',
     'src/clock.c',
     'src/compat.c',
     'src/control_msg.c',
     'src/controller.c',
     'src/decoder.c',
+    'src/delay_buffer.c',
     'src/demuxer.c',
     'src/device_msg.c',
     'src/icon.c',
@@ -28,12 +30,16 @@ src = [
     'src/screen.c',
     'src/server.c',
     'src/version.c',
-    'src/video_buffer.c',
+    'src/trait/frame_source.c',
+    'src/trait/packet_source.c',
     'src/util/acksync.c',
+    'src/util/average.c',
+    'src/util/bytebuf.c',
     'src/util/file.c',
     'src/util/intmap.c',
     'src/util/intr.c',
     'src/util/log.c',
+    'src/util/memory.c',
     'src/util/net.c',
     'src/util/net_intr.c',
     'src/util/process.c',
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ if not crossbuild_windows
         dependency('libavformat', version: '>= 57.33'),
         dependency('libavcodec', version: '>= 57.37'),
         dependency('libavutil'),
+        dependency('libswresample'),
         dependency('sdl2', version: '>= 2.0.5'),
     ]
 
@@ -133,12 +140,14 @@ else
     ffmpeg_avcodec = meson.get_cross_property('ffmpeg_avcodec')
     ffmpeg_avformat = meson.get_cross_property('ffmpeg_avformat')
     ffmpeg_avutil = meson.get_cross_property('ffmpeg_avutil')
+    ffmpeg_swresample = meson.get_cross_property('ffmpeg_swresample')
 
     ffmpeg = declare_dependency(
         dependencies: [
             cc.find_library(ffmpeg_avcodec, dirs: ffmpeg_bin_dir),
             cc.find_library(ffmpeg_avformat, dirs: ffmpeg_bin_dir),
             cc.find_library(ffmpeg_avutil, dirs: ffmpeg_bin_dir),
+            cc.find_library(ffmpeg_swresample, dirs: ffmpeg_bin_dir),
         ],
         include_directories: include_directories(ffmpeg_include_dir)
     )
@@ -174,6 +183,7 @@ check_functions = [
     'vasprintf',
     'nrand48',
     'jrand48',
+    'reallocarray',
 ]
 
 foreach f : check_functions
@@ -201,10 +211,6 @@ conf.set('PORTABLE', get_option('portable'))
 conf.set('DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE_FIRST', '27183')
 conf.set('DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE_LAST', '27199')
 
-# the default video bitrate, in bits/second
-# overridden by option --bit-rate
-conf.set('DEFAULT_BIT_RATE', '8000000')  # 8Mbps
-
 # run a server debugger and wait for a client to be attached
 conf.set('SERVER_DEBUGGER', get_option('server_debugger'))
 
@@ -264,8 +270,9 @@ if get_option('buildtype') == 'debug'
         ['test_binary', [
             'tests/test_binary.c',
         ]],
-        ['test_cbuf', [
+        ['test_bytebuf', [
-            'tests/test_cbuf.c',
+            'tests/test_bytebuf.c',
+            'src/util/bytebuf.c',
         ]],
         ['test_cli', [
             'tests/test_cli.c',
@@ -291,9 +298,6 @@ if get_option('buildtype') == 'debug'
             'tests/test_device_msg_deserialize.c',
             'src/device_msg.c',
         ]],
-        ['test_queue', [
-            'tests/test_queue.c',
-        ]],
         ['test_strbuf', [
             'tests/test_strbuf.c',
             'src/util/strbuf.c',
@@ -303,6 +307,10 @@ if get_option('buildtype') == 'debug'
             'src/util/str.c',
             'src/util/strbuf.c',
         ]],
+        ['test_vecdeque', [
+            'tests/test_vecdeque.c',
+            'src/util/memory.c',
+        ]],
         ['test_vector', [
             'tests/test_vector.c',
         ]],

app/scrcpy.1

@@ -20,26 +20,34 @@ provides display and control of Android devices connected on USB (or over TCP/IP
 Make scrcpy window always on top (above other windows).
 
 .TP
-.BI "\-b, \-\-bit\-rate " value
+.BI "\-\-audio\-bit\-rate " value
+Encode the audio at the given bit\-rate, expressed in bits/s. Unit suffixes are supported: '\fBK\fR' (x1000) and '\fBM\fR' (x1000000).
+
+Default is 196K (196000).
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-audio\-buffer ms
+Add a buffering delay (in milliseconds) before playing audio. This increases latency to compensate for jitter.
+
+Default is 0 (no buffering).
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-audio\-codec " name
+Select an audio codec (opus or aac).
+
+Default is opus.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-audio\-encoder " name
+Use a specific MediaCodec audio encoder (depending on the codec provided by \fB\-\-audio\-codec\fR).
+
+The available encoders can be listed by \-\-list\-encoders.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-b, \-\-video\-bit\-rate " value
 Encode the video at the given bit\-rate, expressed in bits/s. Unit suffixes are supported: '\fBK\fR' (x1000) and '\fBM\fR' (x1000000).
 
-Default is 8000000.
+Default is 8M (8000000).
-
-.TP
-.BI "\-\-codec " name
-Select a video codec (h264, h265 or av1).
-
-Default is h264.
-
-.TP
-.BI "\-\-codec\-options " key\fR[:\fItype\fR]=\fIvalue\fR[,...]
-Set a list of comma-separated key:type=value options for the device encoder.
-
-The possible values for 'type' are 'int' (default), 'long', 'float' and 'string'.
-
-The list of possible codec options is available in the Android documentation
-.UR https://d.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat
-.UE .
 
 .TP
 .BI "\-\-crop " width\fR:\fIheight\fR:\fIx\fR:\fIy
@@ -61,10 +69,9 @@ Disable screensaver while scrcpy is running.
 
 .TP
 .BI "\-\-display " id
-Specify the display id to mirror.
+Specify the device display id to mirror.
 
-The list of possible display ids can be listed by "adb shell dumpsys display"
+The available display ids can be listed by \-\-list\-displays.
-(search "mDisplayId=" in the output).
 
 Default is 0.
 
@@ -80,10 +87,6 @@ Use TCP/IP device (if there is exactly one, like adb -e).
 
 Also see \fB\-d\fR (\fB\-\-select\-usb\fR).
 
-.TP
-.BI "\-\-encoder " name
-Use a specific MediaCodec encoder (must be a H.264 encoder).
-
 .TP
 .B \-\-force\-adb\-forward
 Do not attempt to use "adb reverse" to connect to the device.
@@ -122,6 +125,14 @@ Inject computer clipboard text as a sequence of key events on Ctrl+v (like MOD+S
 
 This is a workaround for some devices not behaving as expected when setting the device clipboard programmatically.
 
+.TP
+.B \-\-list\-encoders
+List video and audio encoders available on the device.
+
+.TP
+.B \-\-list\-displays
+List displays available on the device.
+
 .TP
 \fB\-\-lock\-video\-orientation\fR[=\fIvalue\fR]
 Lock video orientation to \fIvalue\fR. Possible values are "unlocked", "initial" (locked to the initial orientation), 0, 1, 2 and 3. Natural device orientation is 0, and each increment adds a 90 degrees rotation counterclockwise.
@@ -257,6 +268,10 @@ Supported names are currently "direct3d", "opengl", "opengles2", "opengles", "me
 .UR https://wiki.libsdl.org/SDL_HINT_RENDER_DRIVER
 .UE
 
+.TP
+.B \-\-require\-audio
+By default, scrcpy mirrors only the video if audio capture fails on the device. This flag makes scrcpy fail if audio is enabled but does not work.
+
 .TP
 .BI "\-\-rotation " value
 Set the initial display rotation. Possibles values are 0, 1, 2 and 3. Each increment adds a 90 degrees rotation counterclockwise.
@@ -329,6 +344,28 @@ Default is "info" for release builds, "debug" for debug builds.
 .B \-v, \-\-version
 Print the version of scrcpy.
 
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-video\-codec " name
+Select a video codec (h264, h265 or av1).
+
+Default is h264.
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-video\-codec\-options " key\fR[:\fItype\fR]=\fIvalue\fR[,...]
+Set a list of comma-separated key:type=value options for the device video encoder.
+
+The possible values for 'type' are 'int' (default), 'long', 'float' and 'string'.
+
+The list of possible codec options is available in the Android documentation
+.UR https://d.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat
+.UE .
+
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-video\-encoder " name
+Use a specific MediaCodec video encoder (depending on the codec provided by \fB\-\-video\-codec\fR).
+
+The available encoders can be listed by \-\-list\-encoders.
+
 .TP
 .B \-w, \-\-stay-awake
 Keep the device on while scrcpy is running, when the device is plugged in.

app/src/audio_player.c

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#include "audio_player.h"
+
+#include <libavutil/opt.h>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+//#define SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG // comment to debug
+
+/** Downcast frame_sink to sc_audio_player */
+#define DOWNCAST(SINK) container_of(SINK, struct sc_audio_player, frame_sink)
+
+#define SC_AV_SAMPLE_FMT AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT
+#define SC_SDL_SAMPLE_FMT AUDIO_F32
+
+#define SC_AUDIO_OUTPUT_BUFFER_SAMPLES 480 // 10ms at 48000Hz
+
+// The target number of buffered samples between the producer and the consumer.
+// This value is directly use for compensation.
+#define SC_TARGET_BUFFERED_SAMPLES (3 * SC_AUDIO_OUTPUT_BUFFER_SAMPLES)
+
+// Use a ring-buffer of 1 second (at 48000Hz) between the producer and the
+// consumer. It too big, but it guarantees that the producer and the consumer
+// will be able to access it in parallel without locking.
+#define SC_BYTEBUF_SIZE_IN_SAMPLES 48000
+
+static inline size_t
+bytes_to_samples(struct sc_audio_player *ap, size_t bytes) {
+    assert(bytes % (ap->nb_channels * ap->out_bytes_per_sample) == 0);
+    return bytes / (ap->nb_channels * ap->out_bytes_per_sample);
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+samples_to_bytes(struct sc_audio_player *ap, size_t samples) {
+    return samples * ap->nb_channels * ap->out_bytes_per_sample;
+}
+
+void
+sc_audio_player_sdl_callback(void *userdata, uint8_t *stream, int len_int) {
+    struct sc_audio_player *ap = userdata;
+
+    // This callback is called with the lock used by SDL_AudioDeviceLock(), so
+    // the bytebuf is protected
+
+    assert(len_int > 0);
+    size_t len = len_int;
+
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+    LOGD("[Audio] SDL callback requests %" SC_PRIsizet " samples",
+         bytes_to_samples(ap, len));
+#endif
+
+    size_t read_avail = sc_bytebuf_read_available(&ap->buf);
+    size_t read = MIN(read_avail, len);
+    if (read) {
+        sc_bytebuf_read(&ap->buf, stream, read);
+    }
+
+    if (read < len) {
+        // Insert silence
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+        LOGD("[Audio] Buffer underflow, inserting silence: %" SC_PRIsizet
+             " samples", bytes_to_samples(ap, len - read));
+#endif
+        memset(stream + read, 0, len - read);
+        ap->underflow += bytes_to_samples(ap, len - read);
+    }
+
+    ap->last_consumed = sc_tick_now();
+}
+
+static uint8_t *
+sc_audio_player_get_swr_buf(struct sc_audio_player *ap, size_t min_samples) {
+    size_t min_buf_size = samples_to_bytes(ap, min_samples);
+    if (min_buf_size < ap->swr_buf_alloc_size) {
+        size_t new_size = min_buf_size + 4096;
+        uint8_t *buf = realloc(ap->swr_buf, new_size);
+        if (!buf) {
+            LOG_OOM();
+            // Could not realloc to the requested size
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        ap->swr_buf = buf;
+        ap->swr_buf_alloc_size = new_size;
+    }
+
+    return ap->swr_buf;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_audio_player_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink,
+                                const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
+    struct sc_audio_player *ap = DOWNCAST(sink);
+#ifdef SCRCPY_LAVU_HAS_CHLAYOUT
+    assert(ctx->ch_layout.nb_channels > 0);
+    unsigned nb_channels = ctx->ch_layout.nb_channels;
+#else
+    int tmp = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(ctx->channel_layout);
+    assert(tmp > 0);
+    unsigned nb_channels = tmp;
+#endif
+
+    SDL_AudioSpec desired = {
+        .freq = ctx->sample_rate,
+        .format = SC_SDL_SAMPLE_FMT,
+        .channels = nb_channels,
+        .samples = SC_AUDIO_OUTPUT_BUFFER_SAMPLES,
+        .callback = sc_audio_player_sdl_callback,
+        .userdata = ap,
+    };
+    SDL_AudioSpec obtained;
+
+    ap->device = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(NULL, 0, &desired, &obtained, 0);
+    if (!ap->device) {
+        LOGE("Could not open audio device: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SwrContext *swr_ctx = swr_alloc();
+    if (!swr_ctx) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        goto error_close_audio_device;
+    }
+    ap->swr_ctx = swr_ctx;
+
+    assert(ctx->sample_rate > 0);
+    assert(!av_sample_fmt_is_planar(SC_AV_SAMPLE_FMT));
+
+    int out_bytes_per_sample = av_get_bytes_per_sample(SC_AV_SAMPLE_FMT);
+    assert(out_bytes_per_sample > 0);
+
+#ifdef SCRCPY_LAVU_HAS_CHLAYOUT
+    av_opt_set_chlayout(swr_ctx, "in_chlayout", &ctx->ch_layout, 0);
+    av_opt_set_chlayout(swr_ctx, "out_chlayout", &ctx->ch_layout, 0);
+#else
+    av_opt_set_channel_layout(swr_ctx, "in_channel_layout",
+                              ctx->channel_layout, 0);
+    av_opt_set_channel_layout(swr_ctx, "out_channel_layout",
+                              ctx->channel_layout, 0);
+#endif
+
+    av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "in_sample_rate", ctx->sample_rate, 0);
+    av_opt_set_int(swr_ctx, "out_sample_rate", ctx->sample_rate, 0);
+
+    av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "in_sample_fmt", ctx->sample_fmt, 0);
+    av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "out_sample_fmt", SC_AV_SAMPLE_FMT, 0);
+
+    int ret = swr_init(swr_ctx);
+    if (ret) {
+        LOGE("Failed to initialize the resampling context");
+        goto error_free_swr_ctx;
+    }
+
+    ap->sample_rate = ctx->sample_rate;
+    ap->nb_channels = nb_channels;
+    ap->out_bytes_per_sample = out_bytes_per_sample;
+
+    size_t bytebuf_size = samples_to_bytes(ap, SC_BYTEBUF_SIZE_IN_SAMPLES);
+
+    bool ok = sc_bytebuf_init(&ap->buf, bytebuf_size);
+    if (!ok) {
+        goto error_free_swr_ctx;
+    }
+
+    size_t initial_swr_buf_size = samples_to_bytes(ap, 4096);
+    ap->swr_buf = malloc(initial_swr_buf_size);
+    if (!ap->swr_buf) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        goto error_destroy_bytebuf;
+    }
+    ap->swr_buf_alloc_size = initial_swr_buf_size;
+
+    ap->previous_write_avail = sc_bytebuf_write_available(&ap->buf);
+
+    sc_average_init(&ap->avg_buffering, 8);
+    ap->samples_since_resync = 0;
+
+    ap->last_consumed = 0;
+    ap->underflow = 0;
+
+    SDL_PauseAudioDevice(ap->device, 0);
+
+    return true;
+
+error_destroy_bytebuf:
+    sc_bytebuf_destroy(&ap->buf);
+error_free_swr_ctx:
+    swr_free(&ap->swr_ctx);
+error_close_audio_device:
+    SDL_CloseAudioDevice(ap->device);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_audio_player_frame_sink_close(struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
+    struct sc_audio_player *ap = DOWNCAST(sink);
+
+    assert(ap->device);
+    SDL_PauseAudioDevice(ap->device, 1);
+    SDL_CloseAudioDevice(ap->device);
+
+    free(ap->swr_buf);
+    sc_bytebuf_destroy(&ap->buf);
+    swr_free(&ap->swr_ctx);
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_audio_player_frame_sink_push(struct sc_frame_sink *sink,
+                                const AVFrame *frame) {
+    struct sc_audio_player *ap = DOWNCAST(sink);
+
+    SwrContext *swr_ctx = ap->swr_ctx;
+
+    int64_t delay = swr_get_delay(swr_ctx, ap->sample_rate);
+    // No need to av_rescale_rnd(), input and output sample rates are the same
+    // Add more space (256) for clock compensation
+    int dst_nb_samples = delay + frame->nb_samples + 256;
+
+    uint8_t *swr_buf = sc_audio_player_get_swr_buf(ap, dst_nb_samples);
+    if (!swr_buf) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int ret = swr_convert(swr_ctx, &swr_buf, dst_nb_samples,
+                          (const uint8_t **) frame->data, frame->nb_samples);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        LOGE("Resampling failed: %d", ret);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // swr_convert() returns the number of samples which would have been
+    // written if the buffer was big enough.
+    size_t samples_written = MIN(ret, dst_nb_samples);
+    size_t swr_buf_size = samples_to_bytes(ap, samples_written);
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+    LOGI("[Audio] %" SC_PRIsizet " samples written to buffer", samples_written);
+#endif
+
+    // Since this function is the only writer, the current available space is
+    // at least the previous available space. In practice, it should almost
+    // always be possible to write without lock.
+    bool lockless_write = swr_buf_size <= ap->previous_write_avail;
+    if (lockless_write) {
+        sc_bytebuf_prepare_write(&ap->buf, swr_buf, swr_buf_size);
+    }
+
+    SDL_LockAudioDevice(ap->device);
+
+    // The consumer requests audio samples blocks (e.g. 480 samples).
+    // Convert the duration since the last consumption into samples.
+    size_t extrapolated = 0;
+    if (ap->last_consumed) {
+        sc_tick now = sc_tick_now();
+        assert(now >= ap->last_consumed);
+        extrapolated = (sc_tick_now() - ap->last_consumed) * ap->sample_rate
+                                                           / SC_TICK_FREQ;
+    }
+
+    size_t read_avail = sc_bytebuf_read_available(&ap->buf);
+
+    // The consumer may not increase underflow value if there are still samples
+    // available
+    assert(read_avail == 0 || ap->underflow == 0);
+
+    size_t buffered_samples = bytes_to_samples(ap, read_avail);
+    // Underflow caused silence samples in excess (so it adds buffering).
+    // Extrapolated samples must be considered consumed for smoothing (so it
+    // removes buffering).
+    float buffering = (float) buffered_samples + ap->underflow - extrapolated;
+    sc_average_push(&ap->avg_buffering, buffering);
+
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+    LOGD("[AUDIO] buffered_samples=%" SC_PRIsizet
+                " underflow=%" SC_PRIsizet
+                " extrapolated=%" SC_PRIsizet
+                " buffering=%f avg_buffering=%f",
+         buffered_samples, ap->underflow, extrapolated, buffering,
+         sc_average_get(&ap->avg_buffering));
+#endif
+
+    if (lockless_write) {
+        sc_bytebuf_commit_write(&ap->buf, swr_buf_size);
+    } else {
+        // Take care to keep full samples
+        size_t align = ap->nb_channels * ap->out_bytes_per_sample;
+        size_t write_avail =
+            sc_bytebuf_write_available(&ap->buf) / align * align;
+        if (swr_buf_size > write_avail) {
+            // Skip old samples
+            size_t cap = sc_bytebuf_capacity(&ap->buf) / align * align;
+            if (swr_buf_size > cap) {
+                // Ignore the first bytes in swr_buf
+                swr_buf += swr_buf_size - cap;
+                swr_buf_size = cap;
+            }
+            assert(swr_buf_size > write_avail);
+            if (swr_buf_size - write_avail > 0) {
+                sc_bytebuf_skip(&ap->buf, swr_buf_size - write_avail);
+            }
+        }
+        sc_bytebuf_write(&ap->buf, swr_buf, swr_buf_size);
+    }
+
+    // On buffer underflow, typically because a packet is late, silence is
+    // inserted. In that case, the late samples must be ignored when they
+    // arrive, otherwise they will delay playback.
+    //
+    // As an improvement, instead of naively skipping the silence duration, we
+    // can absorb it if it helps clock compensation.
+    if (ap->underflow) {
+        size_t avg = sc_average_get(&ap->avg_buffering);
+        if (avg > SC_TARGET_BUFFERED_SAMPLES) {
+            size_t diff = SC_TARGET_BUFFERED_SAMPLES - avg;
+            if (diff < ap->underflow) {
+                // Partially absorb underflow for clock compensation (only keep
+                // the diff with the target buffering level).
+                ap->underflow = diff;
+            }
+
+            size_t skip_samples = MIN(ap->underflow, buffered_samples);
+            if (skip_samples) {
+                size_t skip_bytes = samples_to_bytes(ap, skip_samples);
+                sc_bytebuf_skip(&ap->buf, skip_bytes);
+                read_avail -= skip_bytes;
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+                LOGD("[Audio] Skipping %" SC_PRIsizet " samples", skip_samples);
+#endif
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Totally absorb underflow for clock compensation
+            ap->underflow = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ap->previous_write_avail = sc_bytebuf_write_available(&ap->buf);
+
+    SDL_UnlockAudioDevice(ap->device);
+
+    ap->samples_since_resync += samples_written;
+    if (ap->samples_since_resync >= ap->sample_rate) {
+        // Resync every second
+        ap->samples_since_resync = 0;
+
+        float avg = sc_average_get(&ap->avg_buffering);
+        int diff = SC_TARGET_BUFFERED_SAMPLES - avg;
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_NDEBUG
+        LOGI("[Audio] Average buffering=%f, compensation %d", avg, diff);
+#endif
+        // Compensate the diff over 3 seconds (but will be recomputed after
+        // 1 second)
+        int ret = swr_set_compensation(swr_ctx, diff, 3 * ap->sample_rate);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            LOGW("Resampling compensation failed: %d", ret);
+            // not fatal
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_audio_player_init(struct sc_audio_player *ap) {
+    static const struct sc_frame_sink_ops ops = {
+        .open = sc_audio_player_frame_sink_open,
+        .close = sc_audio_player_frame_sink_close,
+        .push = sc_audio_player_frame_sink_push,
+    };
+
+    ap->frame_sink.ops = &ops;
+}

app/src/audio_player.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#ifndef SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_H
+#define SC_AUDIO_PLAYER_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "trait/frame_sink.h"
+#include <util/average.h>
+#include <util/bytebuf.h>
+#include <util/thread.h>
+
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libswresample/swresample.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+
+struct sc_audio_player {
+    struct sc_frame_sink frame_sink;
+
+    SDL_AudioDeviceID device;
+
+    // protected by SDL_AudioDeviceLock()
+    struct sc_bytebuf buf;
+    size_t previous_write_avail;
+
+    struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
+
+    // The sample rate is the same for input and output
+    unsigned sample_rate;
+    // The number of channels is the same for input and output
+    unsigned nb_channels;
+    // The number of bytes per sample for a single channel
+    unsigned out_bytes_per_sample;
+
+    // Target buffer for resampling
+    uint8_t *swr_buf;
+    size_t swr_buf_alloc_size;
+
+    // Number of buffered samples (may be negative on underflow)
+    struct sc_average avg_buffering;
+    // Count the number of samples to trigger a compensation update regularly
+    size_t samples_since_resync;
+
+    // The last date a sample has been consumed by the audio output
+    sc_tick last_consumed;
+
+    // Number of silence samples inserted to be compensated
+    size_t underflow;
+
+    const struct sc_audio_player_callbacks *cbs;
+    void *cbs_userdata;
+};
+
+struct sc_audio_player_callbacks {
+    void (*on_ended)(struct sc_audio_player *ap, bool success, void *userdata);
+};
+
+void
+sc_audio_player_init(struct sc_audio_player *ap);
+
+#endif

app/src/cli.c

@@ -37,13 +37,15 @@ enum {
     OPT_RENDER_DRIVER,
     OPT_NO_MIPMAPS,
     OPT_CODEC_OPTIONS,
+    OPT_VIDEO_CODEC_OPTIONS,
     OPT_FORCE_ADB_FORWARD,
     OPT_DISABLE_SCREENSAVER,
     OPT_SHORTCUT_MOD,
     OPT_NO_KEY_REPEAT,
     OPT_FORWARD_ALL_CLICKS,
     OPT_LEGACY_PASTE,
-    OPT_ENCODER_NAME,
+    OPT_ENCODER,
+    OPT_VIDEO_ENCODER,
     OPT_POWER_OFF_ON_CLOSE,
     OPT_V4L2_SINK,
     OPT_DISPLAY_BUFFER,
@@ -59,6 +61,16 @@ enum {
     OPT_PRINT_FPS,
     OPT_NO_POWER_ON,
     OPT_CODEC,
+    OPT_VIDEO_CODEC,
+    OPT_NO_AUDIO,
+    OPT_AUDIO_BIT_RATE,
+    OPT_AUDIO_CODEC,
+    OPT_AUDIO_CODEC_OPTIONS,
+    OPT_AUDIO_ENCODER,
+    OPT_LIST_ENCODERS,
+    OPT_LIST_DISPLAYS,
+    OPT_REQUIRE_AUDIO,
+    OPT_AUDIO_BUFFER,
 };
 
 struct sc_option {
@@ -101,32 +113,71 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
         .text = "Make scrcpy window always on top (above other windows).",
     },
     {
-        .shortopt = 'b',
+        .longopt_id = OPT_AUDIO_BIT_RATE,
-        .longopt = "bit-rate",
+        .longopt = "audio-bit-rate",
         .argdesc = "value",
-        .text = "Encode the video at the given bit-rate, expressed in bits/s. "
+        .text = "Encode the audio at the given bit-rate, expressed in bits/s. "
                 "Unit suffixes are supported: 'K' (x1000) and 'M' (x1000000).\n"
-                "Default is " STR(DEFAULT_BIT_RATE) ".",
+                "Default is 196K (196000).",
     },
     {
-        .longopt_id = OPT_CODEC,
+        .longopt_id = OPT_AUDIO_BUFFER,
-        .longopt = "codec",
+        .longopt = "audio-buffer",
+        .argdesc = "ms",
+        .text = "Add a buffering delay (in milliseconds) before playing audio. "
+                "This increases latency to compensate for jitter.\n"
+                "Default is 0 (no buffering).",
+    },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_AUDIO_CODEC,
+        .longopt = "audio-codec",
         .argdesc = "name",
-        .text = "Select a video codec (h264, h265 or av1).\n"
+        .text = "Select an audio codec (opus or aac).\n"
-                "Default is h264.",
+                "Default is opus.",
     },
     {
-        .longopt_id = OPT_CODEC_OPTIONS,
+        .longopt_id = OPT_AUDIO_CODEC_OPTIONS,
-        .longopt = "codec-options",
+        .longopt = "audio-codec-options",
         .argdesc = "key[:type]=value[,...]",
         .text = "Set a list of comma-separated key:type=value options for the "
-                "device encoder.\n"
+                "device audio encoder.\n"
                 "The possible values for 'type' are 'int' (default), 'long', "
                 "'float' and 'string'.\n"
                 "The list of possible codec options is available in the "
                 "Android documentation: "
                 "<https://d.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat>",
     },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_AUDIO_ENCODER,
+        .longopt = "audio-encoder",
+        .argdesc = "name",
+        .text = "Use a specific MediaCodec audio encoder (depending on the "
+                "codec provided by --audio-codec).\n"
+                "The available encoders can be listed by --list-encoders.",
+    },
+    {
+        .shortopt = 'b',
+        .longopt = "video-bit-rate",
+        .argdesc = "value",
+        .text = "Encode the video at the given bit-rate, expressed in bits/s. "
+                "Unit suffixes are supported: 'K' (x1000) and 'M' (x1000000).\n"
+                "Default is 8M (8000000).",
+    },
+    {
+        // Not really deprecated (--codec has never been released), but without
+        // declaring an explicit --codec option, getopt_long() partial matching
+        // behavior would consider --codec to be equivalent to --codec-options,
+        // which would be confusing.
+        .longopt_id = OPT_CODEC,
+        .longopt = "codec",
+        .argdesc = "value",
+    },
+    {
+        // deprecated
+        .longopt_id = OPT_CODEC_OPTIONS,
+        .longopt = "codec-options",
+        .argdesc = "key[:type]=value[,...]",
+    },
     {
         .longopt_id = OPT_CROP,
         .longopt = "crop",
@@ -151,10 +202,9 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
         .longopt_id = OPT_DISPLAY_ID,
         .longopt = "display",
         .argdesc = "id",
-        .text = "Specify the display id to mirror.\n"
+        .text = "Specify the device display id to mirror.\n"
-                "The list of possible display ids can be listed by:\n"
+                "The available display ids can be listed by:\n"
-                "    adb shell dumpsys display\n"
+                "    scrcpy --list-displays\n"
-                "(search \"mDisplayId=\" in the output)\n"
                 "Default is 0.",
     },
     {
@@ -172,10 +222,10 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
                 "Also see -d (--select-usb).",
     },
     {
-        .longopt_id = OPT_ENCODER_NAME,
+        // deprecated
+        .longopt_id = OPT_ENCODER,
         .longopt = "encoder",
         .argdesc = "name",
-        .text = "Use a specific MediaCodec encoder (must be a H.264 encoder).",
     },
     {
         .longopt_id = OPT_FORCE_ADB_FORWARD,
@@ -225,6 +275,16 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
                 "This is a workaround for some devices not behaving as "
                 "expected when setting the device clipboard programmatically.",
     },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_LIST_DISPLAYS,
+        .longopt = "list-displays",
+        .text = "List device displays.",
+    },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_LIST_ENCODERS,
+        .longopt = "list-encoders",
+        .text = "List video and audio encoders available on the device.",
+    },
     {
         .longopt_id = OPT_LOCK_VIDEO_ORIENTATION,
         .longopt = "lock-video-orientation",
@@ -266,6 +326,11 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
                 "is preserved.\n"
                 "Default is 0 (unlimited).",
     },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_NO_AUDIO,
+        .longopt = "no-audio",
+        .text = "Disable audio forwarding.",
+    },
     {
         .longopt_id = OPT_NO_CLEANUP,
         .longopt = "no-cleanup",
@@ -403,6 +468,13 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
         .longopt_id = OPT_RENDER_EXPIRED_FRAMES,
         .longopt = "render-expired-frames",
     },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_REQUIRE_AUDIO,
+        .longopt = "require-audio",
+        .text = "By default, scrcpy mirrors only the video when audio capture "
+                "fails on the device. This flag makes scrcpy fail if audio is "
+                "enabled but does not work."
+    },
     {
         .longopt_id = OPT_ROTATION,
         .longopt = "rotation",
@@ -512,6 +584,33 @@ static const struct sc_option options[] = {
         .longopt = "version",
         .text = "Print the version of scrcpy.",
     },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_VIDEO_CODEC,
+        .longopt = "video-codec",
+        .argdesc = "name",
+        .text = "Select a video codec (h264, h265 or av1).\n"
+                "Default is h264.",
+    },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_VIDEO_CODEC_OPTIONS,
+        .longopt = "video-codec-options",
+        .argdesc = "key[:type]=value[,...]",
+        .text = "Set a list of comma-separated key:type=value options for the "
+                "device video encoder.\n"
+                "The possible values for 'type' are 'int' (default), 'long', "
+                "'float' and 'string'.\n"
+                "The list of possible codec options is available in the "
+                "Android documentation: "
+                "<https://d.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaFormat>",
+    },
+    {
+        .longopt_id = OPT_VIDEO_ENCODER,
+        .longopt = "video-encoder",
+        .argdesc = "name",
+        .text = "Use a specific MediaCodec video encoder (depending on the "
+                "codec provided by --video-codec).\n"
+                "The available encoders can be listed by --list-encoders.",
+    },
     {
         .shortopt = 'w',
         .longopt = "stay-awake",
@@ -1388,7 +1487,7 @@ guess_record_format(const char *filename) {
 }
 
 static bool
-parse_codec(const char *optarg, enum sc_codec *codec) {
+parse_video_codec(const char *optarg, enum sc_codec *codec) {
     if (!strcmp(optarg, "h264")) {
         *codec = SC_CODEC_H264;
         return true;
@@ -1401,7 +1500,21 @@ parse_codec(const char *optarg, enum sc_codec *codec) {
         *codec = SC_CODEC_AV1;
         return true;
     }
-    LOGE("Unsupported codec: %s (expected h264, h265 or av1)", optarg);
+    LOGE("Unsupported video codec: %s (expected h264, h265 or av1)", optarg);
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool
+parse_audio_codec(const char *optarg, enum sc_codec *codec) {
+    if (!strcmp(optarg, "opus")) {
+        *codec = SC_CODEC_OPUS;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (!strcmp(optarg, "aac")) {
+        *codec = SC_CODEC_AAC;
+        return true;
+    }
+    LOGE("Unsupported audio codec: %s (expected opus)", optarg);
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -1416,7 +1529,12 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, optstring, longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
         switch (c) {
             case 'b':
-                if (!parse_bit_rate(optarg, &opts->bit_rate)) {
+                if (!parse_bit_rate(optarg, &opts->video_bit_rate)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case OPT_AUDIO_BIT_RATE:
+                if (!parse_bit_rate(optarg, &opts->audio_bit_rate)) {
                     return false;
                 }
                 break;
@@ -1589,10 +1707,23 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
                 opts->forward_key_repeat = false;
                 break;
             case OPT_CODEC_OPTIONS:
-                opts->codec_options = optarg;
+                LOGW("--codec-options is deprecated, use --video-codec-options "
+                     "instead.");
+                // fall through
+            case OPT_VIDEO_CODEC_OPTIONS:
+                opts->video_codec_options = optarg;
                 break;
-            case OPT_ENCODER_NAME:
+            case OPT_AUDIO_CODEC_OPTIONS:
-                opts->encoder_name = optarg;
+                opts->audio_codec_options = optarg;
+                break;
+            case OPT_ENCODER:
+                LOGW("--encoder is deprecated, use --video-encoder instead.");
+                // fall through
+            case OPT_VIDEO_ENCODER:
+                opts->video_encoder = optarg;
+                break;
+            case OPT_AUDIO_ENCODER:
+                opts->audio_encoder = optarg;
                 break;
             case OPT_FORCE_ADB_FORWARD:
                 opts->force_adb_forward = true;
@@ -1629,6 +1760,9 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
             case OPT_NO_DOWNSIZE_ON_ERROR:
                 opts->downsize_on_error = false;
                 break;
+            case OPT_NO_AUDIO:
+                opts->audio = false;
+                break;
             case OPT_NO_CLEANUP:
                 opts->cleanup = false;
                 break;
@@ -1639,7 +1773,15 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
                 opts->start_fps_counter = true;
                 break;
             case OPT_CODEC:
-                if (!parse_codec(optarg, &opts->codec)) {
+                LOGW("--codec is deprecated, use --video-codec instead.");
+                // fall through
+            case OPT_VIDEO_CODEC:
+                if (!parse_video_codec(optarg, &opts->video_codec)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            case OPT_AUDIO_CODEC:
+                if (!parse_audio_codec(optarg, &opts->audio_codec)) {
                     return false;
                 }
                 break;
@@ -1670,6 +1812,20 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
                 LOGE("V4L2 (--v4l2-buffer) is only available on Linux.");
                 return false;
 #endif
+            case OPT_LIST_ENCODERS:
+                opts->list_encoders = true;
+                break;
+            case OPT_LIST_DISPLAYS:
+                opts->list_displays = true;
+                break;
+            case OPT_REQUIRE_AUDIO:
+                opts->require_audio = true;
+                break;
+            case OPT_AUDIO_BUFFER:
+                if (!parse_buffering_time(optarg, &opts->audio_buffer)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
             default:
                 // getopt prints the error message on stderr
                 return false;
@@ -1730,6 +1886,11 @@ parse_args_with_getopt(struct scrcpy_cli_args *args, int argc, char *argv[],
     }
 #endif
 
+    if (opts->audio && !opts->display && !opts->record_filename) {
+        LOGI("No display and no recording: audio disabled");
+        opts->audio = false;
+    }
+
     if ((opts->tunnel_host || opts->tunnel_port) && !opts->force_adb_forward) {
         LOGI("Tunnel host/port is set, "
              "--force-adb-forward automatically enabled.");

app/src/clock.c

@@ -18,7 +18,15 @@ sc_clock_init(struct sc_clock *clock) {
 static void
 sc_clock_estimate(struct sc_clock *clock,
                   double *out_slope, sc_tick *out_offset) {
-    assert(clock->count > 1); // two points are necessary
+    assert(clock->count);
+
+    if (clock->count == 1) {
+        // If there is only 1 point, we can't compute a slope. Assume it is 1.
+        struct sc_clock_point *single_point = &clock->right_sum;
+        *out_slope = 1;
+        *out_offset = single_point->system - single_point->stream;
+        return;
+    }
 
     struct sc_clock_point left_avg = {
         .system = clock->left_sum.system / (clock->count / 2),
@@ -93,19 +101,17 @@ sc_clock_update(struct sc_clock *clock, sc_tick system, sc_tick stream) {
 
     clock->head = (clock->head + 1) % SC_CLOCK_RANGE;
 
-    if (clock->count > 1) {
+    // Update estimation
-        // Update estimation
+    sc_clock_estimate(clock, &clock->slope, &clock->offset);
-        sc_clock_estimate(clock, &clock->slope, &clock->offset);
 
 #ifndef SC_CLOCK_NDEBUG
-        LOGD("Clock estimation: %f * pts + %" PRItick,
+    LOGD("Clock estimation: %f * pts + %" PRItick,
-             clock->slope, clock->offset);
+         clock->slope, clock->offset);
 #endif
-    }
 }
 
 sc_tick
 sc_clock_to_system_time(struct sc_clock *clock, sc_tick stream) {
-    assert(clock->count > 1); // sc_clock_update() must have been called
+    assert(clock->count); // sc_clock_update() must have been called
     return (sc_tick) (stream * clock->slope) + clock->offset;
 }

app/src/compat.c

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "config.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
+#ifndef HAVE_REALLOCARRAY
+# include <errno.h>
+#endif
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -93,5 +96,15 @@ long jrand48(unsigned short xsubi[3]) {
     return v.i;
 }
 #endif
-
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_REALLOCARRAY
+void *reallocarray(void *ptr, size_t nmemb, size_t size) {
+    size_t bytes;
+    if (__builtin_mul_overflow(nmemb, size, &bytes)) {
+      errno = ENOMEM;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return realloc(ptr, bytes);
+}
 #endif

app/src/compat.h

@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@
 # define SCRCPY_LAVF_HAS_AVFORMATCONTEXT_URL
 #endif
 
+// Not documented in ffmpeg/doc/APIchanges, but the channel_layout API
+// has been replaced by chlayout in FFmpeg commit
+// f423497b455da06c1337846902c770028760e094.
+#if LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT >= AV_VERSION_INT(57, 23, 100)
+# define SCRCPY_LAVU_HAS_CHLAYOUT
+#endif
+
 #if SDL_VERSION_ATLEAST(2, 0, 6)
 // <https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/commit/d7a318de563125e5bb465b1000d6bc9576fbc6fc>
 # define SCRCPY_SDL_HAS_HINT_TOUCH_MOUSE_EVENTS
@@ -67,4 +74,8 @@ long nrand48(unsigned short xsubi[3]);
 long jrand48(unsigned short xsubi[3]);
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_REALLOCARRAY
+void *reallocarray(void *ptr, size_t nmemb, size_t size);
+#endif
+
 #endif

app/src/controller.c

@@ -4,19 +4,28 @@
 
 #include "util/log.h"
 
+#define SC_CONTROL_MSG_QUEUE_MAX 64
+
 bool
 sc_controller_init(struct sc_controller *controller, sc_socket control_socket,
                    struct sc_acksync *acksync) {
-    cbuf_init(&controller->queue);
+    sc_vecdeque_init(&controller->queue);
 
-    bool ok = sc_receiver_init(&controller->receiver, control_socket, acksync);
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_reserve(&controller->queue, SC_CONTROL_MSG_QUEUE_MAX);
     if (!ok) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    ok = sc_receiver_init(&controller->receiver, control_socket, acksync);
+    if (!ok) {
+        sc_vecdeque_destroy(&controller->queue);
+        return false;
+    }
+
     ok = sc_mutex_init(&controller->mutex);
     if (!ok) {
         sc_receiver_destroy(&controller->receiver);
+        sc_vecdeque_destroy(&controller->queue);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -24,6 +33,7 @@ sc_controller_init(struct sc_controller *controller, sc_socket control_socket,
     if (!ok) {
         sc_receiver_destroy(&controller->receiver);
         sc_mutex_destroy(&controller->mutex);
+        sc_vecdeque_destroy(&controller->queue);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -38,10 +48,12 @@ sc_controller_destroy(struct sc_controller *controller) {
     sc_cond_destroy(&controller->msg_cond);
     sc_mutex_destroy(&controller->mutex);
 
-    struct sc_control_msg msg;
+    while (!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&controller->queue)) {
-    while (cbuf_take(&controller->queue, &msg)) {
+        struct sc_control_msg *msg = sc_vecdeque_popref(&controller->queue);
-        sc_control_msg_destroy(&msg);
+        assert(msg);
+        sc_control_msg_destroy(msg);
     }
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(&controller->queue);
 
     sc_receiver_destroy(&controller->receiver);
 }
@@ -54,13 +66,19 @@ sc_controller_push_msg(struct sc_controller *controller,
     }
 
     sc_mutex_lock(&controller->mutex);
-    bool was_empty = cbuf_is_empty(&controller->queue);
+    bool full = sc_vecdeque_is_full(&controller->queue);
-    bool res = cbuf_push(&controller->queue, *msg);
+    if (!full) {
-    if (was_empty) {
+        bool was_empty = sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&controller->queue);
-        sc_cond_signal(&controller->msg_cond);
+        sc_vecdeque_push_noresize(&controller->queue, *msg);
+        if (was_empty) {
+            sc_cond_signal(&controller->msg_cond);
+        }
     }
+    // Otherwise (if the queue is full), the msg is discarded
+
     sc_mutex_unlock(&controller->mutex);
-    return res;
+
+    return !full;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -82,7 +100,8 @@ run_controller(void *data) {
 
     for (;;) {
         sc_mutex_lock(&controller->mutex);
-        while (!controller->stopped && cbuf_is_empty(&controller->queue)) {
+        while (!controller->stopped
+                && sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&controller->queue)) {
             sc_cond_wait(&controller->msg_cond, &controller->mutex);
         }
         if (controller->stopped) {
@@ -90,10 +109,9 @@ run_controller(void *data) {
             sc_mutex_unlock(&controller->mutex);
             break;
         }
-        struct sc_control_msg msg;
+
-        bool non_empty = cbuf_take(&controller->queue, &msg);
+        assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&controller->queue));
-        assert(non_empty);
+        struct sc_control_msg msg = sc_vecdeque_pop(&controller->queue);
-        (void) non_empty;
         sc_mutex_unlock(&controller->mutex);
 
         bool ok = process_msg(controller, &msg);

app/src/controller.h

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 #include "control_msg.h"
 #include "receiver.h"
 #include "util/acksync.h"
-#include "util/cbuf.h"
 #include "util/net.h"
 #include "util/thread.h"
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
 
-struct sc_control_msg_queue CBUF(struct sc_control_msg, 64);
+struct sc_control_msg_queue SC_VECDEQUE(struct sc_control_msg);
 
 struct sc_controller {
     sc_socket control_socket;

app/src/decoder.c

@@ -2,41 +2,15 @@
 
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>
 
 #include "events.h"
-#include "video_buffer.h"
 #include "trait/frame_sink.h"
 #include "util/log.h"
 
 /** Downcast packet_sink to decoder */
 #define DOWNCAST(SINK) container_of(SINK, struct sc_decoder, packet_sink)
 
-static void
-sc_decoder_close_first_sinks(struct sc_decoder *decoder, unsigned count) {
-    while (count) {
-        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = decoder->sinks[--count];
-        sink->ops->close(sink);
-    }
-}
-
-static inline void
-sc_decoder_close_sinks(struct sc_decoder *decoder) {
-    sc_decoder_close_first_sinks(decoder, decoder->sink_count);
-}
-
-static bool
-sc_decoder_open_sinks(struct sc_decoder *decoder) {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < decoder->sink_count; ++i) {
-        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = decoder->sinks[i];
-        if (!sink->ops->open(sink)) {
-            sc_decoder_close_first_sinks(decoder, i);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 static bool
 sc_decoder_open(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVCodec *codec) {
     decoder->codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
@@ -47,8 +21,23 @@ sc_decoder_open(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVCodec *codec) {
 
     decoder->codec_ctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_LOW_DELAY;
 
+    if (codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+        // Hardcoded video properties
+        decoder->codec_ctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
+    } else {
+        // Hardcoded audio properties
+#ifdef SCRCPY_LAVU_HAS_CHLAYOUT
+        decoder->codec_ctx->ch_layout =
+            (AVChannelLayout) AV_CHANNEL_LAYOUT_STEREO;
+#else
+        decoder->codec_ctx->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
+        decoder->codec_ctx->channels = 2;
+#endif
+        decoder->codec_ctx->sample_rate = 48000;
+    }
+
     if (avcodec_open2(decoder->codec_ctx, codec, NULL) < 0) {
-        LOGE("Could not open codec");
+        LOGE("Decoder '%s': could not open codec", decoder->name);
         avcodec_free_context(&decoder->codec_ctx);
         return false;
     }
@@ -61,7 +50,8 @@ sc_decoder_open(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVCodec *codec) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (!sc_decoder_open_sinks(decoder)) {
+    if (!sc_frame_source_sinks_open(&decoder->frame_source,
+                                    decoder->codec_ctx)) {
         av_frame_free(&decoder->frame);
         avcodec_close(decoder->codec_ctx);
         avcodec_free_context(&decoder->codec_ctx);
@@ -73,24 +63,12 @@ sc_decoder_open(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVCodec *codec) {
 
 static void
 sc_decoder_close(struct sc_decoder *decoder) {
-    sc_decoder_close_sinks(decoder);
+    sc_frame_source_sinks_close(&decoder->frame_source);
     av_frame_free(&decoder->frame);
     avcodec_close(decoder->codec_ctx);
     avcodec_free_context(&decoder->codec_ctx);
 }
 
-static bool
-push_frame_to_sinks(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVFrame *frame) {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < decoder->sink_count; ++i) {
-        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = decoder->sinks[i];
-        if (!sink->ops->push(sink, frame)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 static bool
 sc_decoder_push(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVPacket *packet) {
     bool is_config = packet->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
@@ -101,22 +79,33 @@ sc_decoder_push(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const AVPacket *packet) {
 
     int ret = avcodec_send_packet(decoder->codec_ctx, packet);
     if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
-        LOGE("Could not send video packet: %d", ret);
+        LOGE("Decoder '%s': could not send video packet: %d",
+             decoder->name, ret);
         return false;
     }
-    ret = avcodec_receive_frame(decoder->codec_ctx, decoder->frame);
-    if (!ret) {
-        // a frame was received
-        bool ok = push_frame_to_sinks(decoder, decoder->frame);
-        // A frame lost should not make the whole pipeline fail. The error, if
-        // any, is already logged.
-        (void) ok;
 
+    for (;;) {
+        ret = avcodec_receive_frame(decoder->codec_ctx, decoder->frame);
+        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (ret) {
+            LOGE("Decoder '%s', could not receive video frame: %d",
+                 decoder->name, ret);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // a frame was received
+        bool ok = sc_frame_source_sinks_push(&decoder->frame_source,
+                                             decoder->frame);
         av_frame_unref(decoder->frame);
-    } else if (ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
+        if (!ok) {
-        LOGE("Could not receive video frame: %d", ret);
+            // Error already logged
-        return false;
+            return false;
+        }
     }
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -140,8 +129,9 @@ sc_decoder_packet_sink_push(struct sc_packet_sink *sink,
 }
 
 void
-sc_decoder_init(struct sc_decoder *decoder) {
+sc_decoder_init(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const char *name) {
-    decoder->sink_count = 0;
+    decoder->name = name; // statically allocated
+    sc_frame_source_init(&decoder->frame_source);
 
     static const struct sc_packet_sink_ops ops = {
         .open = sc_decoder_packet_sink_open,
@@ -151,11 +141,3 @@ sc_decoder_init(struct sc_decoder *decoder) {
 
     decoder->packet_sink.ops = &ops;
 }
-
-void
-sc_decoder_add_sink(struct sc_decoder *decoder, struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
-    assert(decoder->sink_count < SC_DECODER_MAX_SINKS);
-    assert(sink);
-    assert(sink->ops);
-    decoder->sinks[decoder->sink_count++] = sink;
-}

app/src/decoder.h

@@ -3,28 +3,25 @@
 
 #include "common.h"
 
+#include "trait/frame_source.h"
 #include "trait/packet_sink.h"
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
 
-#define SC_DECODER_MAX_SINKS 2
-
 struct sc_decoder {
     struct sc_packet_sink packet_sink; // packet sink trait
+    struct sc_frame_source frame_source; // frame source trait
 
-    struct sc_frame_sink *sinks[SC_DECODER_MAX_SINKS];
+    const char *name; // must be statically allocated (e.g. a string literal)
-    unsigned sink_count;
 
     AVCodecContext *codec_ctx;
     AVFrame *frame;
 };
 
+// The name must be statically allocated (e.g. a string literal)
 void
-sc_decoder_init(struct sc_decoder *decoder);
+sc_decoder_init(struct sc_decoder *decoder, const char *name);
-
-void
-sc_decoder_add_sink(struct sc_decoder *decoder, struct sc_frame_sink *sink);
 
 #endif

app/src/delay_buffer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+#include "delay_buffer.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+#define SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG // comment to debug
+
+/** Downcast frame_sink to sc_delay_buffer */
+#define DOWNCAST(SINK) container_of(SINK, struct sc_delay_buffer, frame_sink)
+
+static bool
+sc_delayed_frame_init(struct sc_delayed_frame *dframe, const AVFrame *frame) {
+    dframe->frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!dframe->frame) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (av_frame_ref(dframe->frame, frame)) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        av_frame_free(&dframe->frame);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_delayed_frame_destroy(struct sc_delayed_frame *dframe) {
+    av_frame_unref(dframe->frame);
+    av_frame_free(&dframe->frame);
+}
+
+static int
+run_buffering(void *data) {
+    struct sc_delay_buffer *db = data;
+
+    assert(db->delay > 0);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        sc_mutex_lock(&db->mutex);
+
+        while (!db->stopped && sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&db->queue)) {
+            sc_cond_wait(&db->queue_cond, &db->mutex);
+        }
+
+        if (db->stopped) {
+            sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+            goto stopped;
+        }
+
+        struct sc_delayed_frame dframe = sc_vecdeque_pop(&db->queue);
+
+        sc_tick max_deadline = sc_tick_now() + db->delay;
+        // PTS (written by the server) are expressed in microseconds
+        sc_tick pts = SC_TICK_TO_US(dframe.frame->pts);
+
+        bool timed_out = false;
+        while (!db->stopped && !timed_out) {
+            sc_tick deadline = sc_clock_to_system_time(&db->clock, pts)
+                             + db->delay;
+            if (deadline > max_deadline) {
+                deadline = max_deadline;
+            }
+
+            timed_out =
+                !sc_cond_timedwait(&db->wait_cond, &db->mutex, deadline);
+        }
+
+        bool stopped = db->stopped;
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+
+        if (stopped) {
+            sc_delayed_frame_destroy(&dframe);
+            goto stopped;
+        }
+
+#ifndef SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG
+        LOGD("Buffering: %" PRItick ";%" PRItick ";%" PRItick,
+             pts, dframe.push_date, sc_tick_now());
+#endif
+
+        bool ok = sc_frame_source_sinks_push(&db->frame_source, dframe.frame);
+        sc_delayed_frame_destroy(&dframe);
+        if (!ok) {
+            LOGE("Delayed frame could not be pushed, stopping");
+            sc_mutex_lock(&db->mutex);
+            // Prevent to push any new frame
+            db->stopped = true;
+            sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+            goto stopped;
+        }
+    }
+
+stopped:
+    assert(db->stopped);
+
+    // Flush queue
+    while (!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&db->queue)) {
+        struct sc_delayed_frame *dframe = sc_vecdeque_popref(&db->queue);
+        sc_delayed_frame_destroy(dframe);
+    }
+
+    LOGD("Buffering thread ended");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink,
+                                const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
+    struct sc_delay_buffer *db = DOWNCAST(sink);
+    (void) ctx;
+
+    bool ok = sc_mutex_init(&db->mutex);
+    if (!ok) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ok = sc_cond_init(&db->queue_cond);
+    if (!ok) {
+        goto error_destroy_mutex;
+    }
+
+    ok = sc_cond_init(&db->wait_cond);
+    if (!ok) {
+        goto error_destroy_queue_cond;
+    }
+
+    sc_clock_init(&db->clock);
+    sc_vecdeque_init(&db->queue);
+
+    if (!sc_frame_source_sinks_open(&db->frame_source, ctx)) {
+        goto error_destroy_wait_cond;
+    }
+
+    ok = sc_thread_create(&db->thread, run_buffering, "scrcpy-dbuf", db);
+    if (!ok) {
+        LOGE("Could not start buffering thread");
+        goto error_close_sinks;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+
+error_close_sinks:
+    sc_frame_source_sinks_close(&db->frame_source);
+error_destroy_wait_cond:
+    sc_cond_destroy(&db->wait_cond);
+error_destroy_queue_cond:
+    sc_cond_destroy(&db->queue_cond);
+error_destroy_mutex:
+    sc_mutex_destroy(&db->mutex);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_close(struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
+    struct sc_delay_buffer *db = DOWNCAST(sink);
+
+    sc_mutex_lock(&db->mutex);
+    db->stopped = true;
+    sc_cond_signal(&db->queue_cond);
+    sc_cond_signal(&db->wait_cond);
+    sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+
+    sc_thread_join(&db->thread, NULL);
+
+    sc_frame_source_sinks_close(&db->frame_source);
+
+    sc_cond_destroy(&db->wait_cond);
+    sc_cond_destroy(&db->queue_cond);
+    sc_mutex_destroy(&db->mutex);
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_push(struct sc_frame_sink *sink,
+                                const AVFrame *frame) {
+    struct sc_delay_buffer *db = DOWNCAST(sink);
+
+    sc_mutex_lock(&db->mutex);
+
+    if (db->stopped) {
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    sc_tick pts = SC_TICK_FROM_US(frame->pts);
+    sc_clock_update(&db->clock, sc_tick_now(), pts);
+    sc_cond_signal(&db->wait_cond);
+
+    if (db->first_frame_asap && db->clock.count == 1) {
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+        return sc_frame_source_sinks_push(&db->frame_source, frame);
+    }
+
+    struct sc_delayed_frame dframe;
+    bool ok = sc_delayed_frame_init(&dframe, frame);
+    if (!ok) {
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#ifndef SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG
+    dframe.push_date = sc_tick_now();
+#endif
+
+    ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&db->queue, dframe);
+    if (!ok) {
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+        LOG_OOM();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    sc_cond_signal(&db->queue_cond);
+
+    sc_mutex_unlock(&db->mutex);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_delay_buffer_init(struct sc_delay_buffer *db, sc_tick delay,
+                     bool first_frame_asap) {
+    assert(delay > 0);
+
+    db->delay = delay;
+    db->first_frame_asap = first_frame_asap;
+
+    sc_frame_source_init(&db->frame_source);
+
+    static const struct sc_frame_sink_ops ops = {
+        .open = sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_open,
+        .close = sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_close,
+        .push = sc_delay_buffer_frame_sink_push,
+    };
+
+    db->frame_sink.ops = &ops;
+}

app/src/delay_buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#ifndef SC_DELAY_BUFFER_H
+#define SC_DELAY_BUFFER_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "clock.h"
+#include "trait/frame_source.h"
+#include "trait/frame_sink.h"
+#include "util/thread.h"
+#include "util/tick.h"
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
+
+// forward declarations
+typedef struct AVFrame AVFrame;
+
+struct sc_delayed_frame {
+    AVFrame *frame;
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    sc_tick push_date;
+#endif
+};
+
+struct sc_delayed_frame_queue SC_VECDEQUE(struct sc_delayed_frame);
+
+struct sc_delay_buffer {
+    struct sc_frame_source frame_source; // frame source trait
+    struct sc_frame_sink frame_sink; // frame sink trait
+
+    sc_tick delay;
+    bool first_frame_asap;
+
+    sc_thread thread;
+    sc_mutex mutex;
+    sc_cond queue_cond;
+    sc_cond wait_cond;
+
+    struct sc_clock clock;
+    struct sc_delayed_frame_queue queue;
+    bool stopped;
+};
+
+struct sc_delay_buffer_callbacks {
+    bool (*on_new_frame)(struct sc_delay_buffer *db, const AVFrame *frame,
+                         void *userdata);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a delay buffer.
+ *
+ * \param delay a (strictly) positive delay
+ * \param first_frame_asap if true, do not delay the first frame (useful for
+                           a video stream).
+ */
+void
+sc_delay_buffer_init(struct sc_delay_buffer *db, sc_tick delay,
+                     bool first_frame_asap);
+
+#endif

app/src/demuxer.c

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ sc_demuxer_to_avcodec_id(uint32_t codec_id) {
 #define SC_CODEC_ID_H264 UINT32_C(0x68323634) // "h264" in ASCII
 #define SC_CODEC_ID_H265 UINT32_C(0x68323635) // "h265" in ASCII
 #define SC_CODEC_ID_AV1 UINT32_C(0x00617631) // "av1" in ASCII
+#define SC_CODEC_ID_OPUS UINT32_C(0x6f707573) // "opus" in ASCII
+#define SC_CODEC_ID_AAC UINT32_C(0x00616163) // "aac in ASCII"
     switch (codec_id) {
         case SC_CODEC_ID_H264:
             return AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
@@ -30,6 +32,10 @@ sc_demuxer_to_avcodec_id(uint32_t codec_id) {
             return AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC;
         case SC_CODEC_ID_AV1:
             return AV_CODEC_ID_AV1;
+        case SC_CODEC_ID_OPUS:
+            return AV_CODEC_ID_OPUS;
+        case SC_CODEC_ID_AAC:
+            return AV_CODEC_ID_AAC;
         default:
             LOGE("Unknown codec id 0x%08" PRIx32, codec_id);
             return AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
@@ -106,87 +112,64 @@ sc_demuxer_recv_packet(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, AVPacket *packet) {
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool
-push_packet_to_sinks(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, const AVPacket *packet) {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < demuxer->sink_count; ++i) {
-        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = demuxer->sinks[i];
-        if (!sink->ops->push(sink, packet)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool
-sc_demuxer_push_packet(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, AVPacket *packet) {
-    bool ok = push_packet_to_sinks(demuxer, packet);
-    if (!ok) {
-        LOGE("Could not process packet");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static void
-sc_demuxer_close_first_sinks(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, unsigned count) {
-    while (count) {
-        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = demuxer->sinks[--count];
-        sink->ops->close(sink);
-    }
-}
-
-static inline void
-sc_demuxer_close_sinks(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer) {
-    sc_demuxer_close_first_sinks(demuxer, demuxer->sink_count);
-}
-
-static bool
-sc_demuxer_open_sinks(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, const AVCodec *codec) {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < demuxer->sink_count; ++i) {
-        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = demuxer->sinks[i];
-        if (!sink->ops->open(sink, codec)) {
-            sc_demuxer_close_first_sinks(demuxer, i);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 static int
 run_demuxer(void *data) {
     struct sc_demuxer *demuxer = data;
 
     // Flag to report end-of-stream (i.e. device disconnected)
-    bool eos = false;
+    enum sc_demuxer_status status = SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_ERROR;
 
     uint32_t raw_codec_id;
     bool ok = sc_demuxer_recv_codec_id(demuxer, &raw_codec_id);
     if (!ok) {
-        eos = true;
+        LOGE("Demuxer '%s': stream disabled due to connection error",
+             demuxer->name);
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    if (raw_codec_id == 0) {
+        LOGW("Demuxer '%s': stream explicitly disabled by the device",
+             demuxer->name);
+        sc_packet_source_sinks_disable(&demuxer->packet_source);
+        status = SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_DISABLED;
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    if (raw_codec_id == 1) {
+        LOGE("Demuxer '%s': stream configuration error on the device",
+             demuxer->name);
         goto end;
     }
 
     enum AVCodecID codec_id = sc_demuxer_to_avcodec_id(raw_codec_id);
     if (codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
-        // Error already logged
+        LOGE("Demuxer '%s': stream disabled due to unsupported codec",
+             demuxer->name);
+        sc_packet_source_sinks_disable(&demuxer->packet_source);
         goto end;
     }
 
     const AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec_id);
     if (!codec) {
-        LOGE("Decoder not found");
+        LOGE("Demuxer '%s': stream disabled due to missing decoder",
+             demuxer->name);
+        sc_packet_source_sinks_disable(&demuxer->packet_source);
         goto end;
     }
 
-    if (!sc_demuxer_open_sinks(demuxer, codec)) {
+    if (!sc_packet_source_sinks_open(&demuxer->packet_source, codec)) {
         goto end;
     }
 
+    // Config packets must be merged with the next non-config packet only for
+    // video streams
+    bool must_merge_config_packet = codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+
     struct sc_packet_merger merger;
-    sc_packet_merger_init(&merger);
+
+    if (must_merge_config_packet) {
+        sc_packet_merger_init(&merger);
+    }
 
     AVPacket *packet = av_packet_alloc();
     if (!packet) {
@@ -198,43 +181,50 @@ run_demuxer(void *data) {
         bool ok = sc_demuxer_recv_packet(demuxer, packet);
         if (!ok) {
             // end of stream
-            eos = true;
+            status = SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_EOS;
             break;
         }
 
-        // Prepend any config packet to the next media packet
+        if (must_merge_config_packet) {
-        ok = sc_packet_merger_merge(&merger, packet);
+            // Prepend any config packet to the next media packet
-        if (!ok) {
+            ok = sc_packet_merger_merge(&merger, packet);
-            av_packet_unref(packet);
+            if (!ok) {
-            break;
+                av_packet_unref(packet);
+                break;
+            }
         }
 
-        ok = sc_demuxer_push_packet(demuxer, packet);
+        ok = sc_packet_source_sinks_push(&demuxer->packet_source, packet);
         av_packet_unref(packet);
         if (!ok) {
-            // cannot process packet (error already logged)
+            LOGE("Demuxer '%s': could not process packet", demuxer->name);
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    LOGD("End of frames");
+    LOGD("Demuxer '%s': end of frames", demuxer->name);
 
-    sc_packet_merger_destroy(&merger);
+    if (must_merge_config_packet) {
+        sc_packet_merger_destroy(&merger);
+    }
 
     av_packet_free(&packet);
 finally_close_sinks:
-    sc_demuxer_close_sinks(demuxer);
+    sc_packet_source_sinks_close(&demuxer->packet_source);
 end:
-    demuxer->cbs->on_ended(demuxer, eos, demuxer->cbs_userdata);
+    demuxer->cbs->on_ended(demuxer, status, demuxer->cbs_userdata);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 void
-sc_demuxer_init(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, sc_socket socket,
+sc_demuxer_init(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, const char *name, sc_socket socket,
                 const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks *cbs, void *cbs_userdata) {
+    assert(socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE);
+
+    demuxer->name = name; // statically allocated
     demuxer->socket = socket;
-    demuxer->sink_count = 0;
+    sc_packet_source_init(&demuxer->packet_source);
 
     assert(cbs && cbs->on_ended);
 
@@ -242,22 +232,14 @@ sc_demuxer_init(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, sc_socket socket,
     demuxer->cbs_userdata = cbs_userdata;
 }
 
-void
-sc_demuxer_add_sink(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, struct sc_packet_sink *sink) {
-    assert(demuxer->sink_count < SC_DEMUXER_MAX_SINKS);
-    assert(sink);
-    assert(sink->ops);
-    demuxer->sinks[demuxer->sink_count++] = sink;
-}
-
 bool
 sc_demuxer_start(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer) {
-    LOGD("Starting demuxer thread");
+    LOGD("Demuxer '%s': starting thread", demuxer->name);
 
     bool ok = sc_thread_create(&demuxer->thread, run_demuxer, "scrcpy-demuxer",
                                demuxer);
     if (!ok) {
-        LOGE("Could not start demuxer thread");
+        LOGE("Demuxer '%s': could not start thread", demuxer->name);
         return false;
     }
     return true;

app/src/demuxer.h

@@ -8,33 +8,38 @@
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
 
+#include "trait/packet_source.h"
 #include "trait/packet_sink.h"
 #include "util/net.h"
 #include "util/thread.h"
 
-#define SC_DEMUXER_MAX_SINKS 2
-
 struct sc_demuxer {
+    struct sc_packet_source packet_source; // packet source trait
+
+    const char *name; // must be statically allocated (e.g. a string literal)
+
     sc_socket socket;
     sc_thread thread;
 
-    struct sc_packet_sink *sinks[SC_DEMUXER_MAX_SINKS];
-    unsigned sink_count;
-
     const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks *cbs;
     void *cbs_userdata;
 };
 
-struct sc_demuxer_callbacks {
+enum sc_demuxer_status {
-    void (*on_ended)(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, bool eos, void *userdata);
+    SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_EOS,
+    SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_DISABLED,
+    SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_ERROR,
 };
 
-void
+struct sc_demuxer_callbacks {
-sc_demuxer_init(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, sc_socket socket,
+    void (*on_ended)(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, enum sc_demuxer_status,
-                const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks *cbs, void *cbs_userdata);
+                     void *userdata);
+};
 
+// The name must be statically allocated (e.g. a string literal)
 void
-sc_demuxer_add_sink(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, struct sc_packet_sink *sink);
+sc_demuxer_init(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, const char *name, sc_socket socket,
+                const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks *cbs, void *cbs_userdata);
 
 bool
 sc_demuxer_start(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer);

app/src/events.h

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 #define SC_EVENT_SERVER_CONNECTED         (SDL_USEREVENT + 3)
 #define SC_EVENT_USB_DEVICE_DISCONNECTED  (SDL_USEREVENT + 4)
 #define SC_EVENT_DEMUXER_ERROR            (SDL_USEREVENT + 5)
+#define SC_EVENT_RECORDER_ERROR           (SDL_USEREVENT + 6)

app/src/file_pusher.c

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ sc_file_pusher_init(struct sc_file_pusher *fp, const char *serial,
                     const char *push_target) {
     assert(serial);
 
-    cbuf_init(&fp->queue);
+    sc_vecdeque_init(&fp->queue);
 
     bool ok = sc_mutex_init(&fp->mutex);
     if (!ok) {
@@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ sc_file_pusher_destroy(struct sc_file_pusher *fp) {
     sc_intr_destroy(&fp->intr);
     free(fp->serial);
 
-    struct sc_file_pusher_request req;
+    while (!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&fp->queue)) {
-    while (cbuf_take(&fp->queue, &req)) {
+        struct sc_file_pusher_request *req = sc_vecdeque_popref(&fp->queue);
-        sc_file_pusher_request_destroy(&req);
+        assert(req);
+        sc_file_pusher_request_destroy(req);
     }
 }
 
@@ -91,13 +92,20 @@ sc_file_pusher_request(struct sc_file_pusher *fp,
     };
 
     sc_mutex_lock(&fp->mutex);
-    bool was_empty = cbuf_is_empty(&fp->queue);
+    bool was_empty = sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&fp->queue);
-    bool res = cbuf_push(&fp->queue, req);
+    bool res = sc_vecdeque_push(&fp->queue, req);
+    if (!res) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&fp->mutex);
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (was_empty) {
         sc_cond_signal(&fp->event_cond);
     }
     sc_mutex_unlock(&fp->mutex);
-    return res;
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ run_file_pusher(void *data) {
 
     for (;;) {
         sc_mutex_lock(&fp->mutex);
-        while (!fp->stopped && cbuf_is_empty(&fp->queue)) {
+        while (!fp->stopped && sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&fp->queue)) {
             sc_cond_wait(&fp->event_cond, &fp->mutex);
         }
         if (fp->stopped) {
@@ -121,10 +129,9 @@ run_file_pusher(void *data) {
             sc_mutex_unlock(&fp->mutex);
             break;
         }
-        struct sc_file_pusher_request req;
+
-        bool non_empty = cbuf_take(&fp->queue, &req);
+        assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&fp->queue));
-        assert(non_empty);
+        struct sc_file_pusher_request req = sc_vecdeque_pop(&fp->queue);
-        (void) non_empty;
         sc_mutex_unlock(&fp->mutex);
 
         if (req.action == SC_FILE_PUSHER_ACTION_INSTALL_APK) {

app/src/file_pusher.h

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#include "util/cbuf.h"
-#include "util/thread.h"
 #include "util/intr.h"
+#include "util/thread.h"
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
 
 enum sc_file_pusher_action {
     SC_FILE_PUSHER_ACTION_INSTALL_APK,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct sc_file_pusher_request {
     char *file;
 };
 
-struct sc_file_pusher_request_queue CBUF(struct sc_file_pusher_request, 16);
+struct sc_file_pusher_request_queue SC_VECDEQUE(struct sc_file_pusher_request);
 
 struct sc_file_pusher {
     char *serial;

app/src/main.c

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ main_scrcpy(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         return SCRCPY_EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
+    sc_log_configure();
+
 #ifdef HAVE_USB
     enum scrcpy_exit_code ret = args.opts.otg ? scrcpy_otg(&args.opts)
                                               : scrcpy(&args.opts);

app/src/options.c

@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@ const struct scrcpy_options scrcpy_options_default = {
     .window_title = NULL,
     .push_target = NULL,
     .render_driver = NULL,
-    .codec_options = NULL,
+    .video_codec_options = NULL,
-    .encoder_name = NULL,
+    .audio_codec_options = NULL,
+    .video_encoder = NULL,
+    .audio_encoder = NULL,
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
     .v4l2_device = NULL,
 #endif
     .log_level = SC_LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
-    .codec = SC_CODEC_H264,
+    .video_codec = SC_CODEC_H264,
+    .audio_codec = SC_CODEC_OPUS,
     .record_format = SC_RECORD_FORMAT_AUTO,
     .keyboard_input_mode = SC_KEYBOARD_INPUT_MODE_INJECT,
     .mouse_input_mode = SC_MOUSE_INPUT_MODE_INJECT,
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ const struct scrcpy_options scrcpy_options_default = {
         .count = 2,
     },
     .max_size = 0,
-    .bit_rate = DEFAULT_BIT_RATE,
+    .video_bit_rate = 0,
+    .audio_bit_rate = 0,
     .max_fps = 0,
     .lock_video_orientation = SC_LOCK_VIDEO_ORIENTATION_UNLOCKED,
     .rotation = 0,
@@ -39,6 +43,7 @@ const struct scrcpy_options scrcpy_options_default = {
     .display_id = 0,
     .display_buffer = 0,
     .v4l2_buffer = 0,
+    .audio_buffer = 0,
 #ifdef HAVE_USB
     .otg = false,
 #endif
@@ -67,4 +72,8 @@ const struct scrcpy_options scrcpy_options_default = {
     .cleanup = true,
     .start_fps_counter = false,
     .power_on = true,
+    .audio = true,
+    .require_audio = false,
+    .list_encoders = false,
+    .list_displays = false,
 };

app/src/options.h

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ enum sc_codec {
     SC_CODEC_H264,
     SC_CODEC_H265,
     SC_CODEC_AV1,
+    SC_CODEC_OPUS,
+    SC_CODEC_AAC,
 };
 
 enum sc_lock_video_orientation {
@@ -93,13 +95,16 @@ struct scrcpy_options {
     const char *window_title;
     const char *push_target;
     const char *render_driver;
-    const char *codec_options;
+    const char *video_codec_options;
-    const char *encoder_name;
+    const char *audio_codec_options;
+    const char *video_encoder;
+    const char *audio_encoder;
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
     const char *v4l2_device;
 #endif
     enum sc_log_level log_level;
-    enum sc_codec codec;
+    enum sc_codec video_codec;
+    enum sc_codec audio_codec;
     enum sc_record_format record_format;
     enum sc_keyboard_input_mode keyboard_input_mode;
     enum sc_mouse_input_mode mouse_input_mode;
@@ -108,7 +113,8 @@ struct scrcpy_options {
     uint16_t tunnel_port;
     struct sc_shortcut_mods shortcut_mods;
     uint16_t max_size;
-    uint32_t bit_rate;
+    uint32_t video_bit_rate;
+    uint32_t audio_bit_rate;
     uint16_t max_fps;
     enum sc_lock_video_orientation lock_video_orientation;
     uint8_t rotation;
@@ -119,6 +125,7 @@ struct scrcpy_options {
     uint32_t display_id;
     sc_tick display_buffer;
     sc_tick v4l2_buffer;
+    sc_tick audio_buffer;
 #ifdef HAVE_USB
     bool otg;
 #endif
@@ -147,6 +154,10 @@ struct scrcpy_options {
     bool cleanup;
     bool start_fps_counter;
     bool power_on;
+    bool audio;
+    bool require_audio;
+    bool list_encoders;
+    bool list_displays;
 };
 
 extern const struct scrcpy_options scrcpy_options_default;

app/src/recorder.h

@@ -9,45 +9,72 @@
 #include "coords.h"
 #include "options.h"
 #include "trait/packet_sink.h"
-#include "util/queue.h"
 #include "util/thread.h"
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
 
-struct sc_record_packet {
+struct sc_recorder_queue SC_VECDEQUE(AVPacket *);
-    AVPacket *packet;
-    struct sc_record_packet *next;
-};
-
-struct sc_recorder_queue SC_QUEUE(struct sc_record_packet);
 
 struct sc_recorder {
-    struct sc_packet_sink packet_sink; // packet sink trait
+    struct sc_packet_sink video_packet_sink;
+    struct sc_packet_sink audio_packet_sink;
+
+    /* The audio flag is unprotected:
+     *  - it is initialized from sc_recorder_init() from the main thread;
+     *  - it may be reset once from the recorder thread if the audio is
+     *    disabled dynamically.
+     *
+     * Therefore, once the recorder thread is started, only the recorder thread
+     * may access it without data races.
+     */
+    bool audio;
 
     char *filename;
     enum sc_record_format format;
     AVFormatContext *ctx;
     struct sc_size declared_frame_size;
-    bool header_written;
-
-    uint64_t pts_origin;
 
     sc_thread thread;
     sc_mutex mutex;
     sc_cond queue_cond;
-    bool stopped; // set on recorder_close()
+    // set on sc_recorder_stop(), packet_sink close or recording failure
-    bool failed; // set on packet write failure
+    bool stopped;
-    struct sc_recorder_queue queue;
+    struct sc_recorder_queue video_queue;
+    struct sc_recorder_queue audio_queue;
 
-    // we can write a packet only once we received the next one so that we can
+    // wake up the recorder thread once the video or audio codec is known
-    // set its duration (next_pts - current_pts)
+    sc_cond stream_cond;
-    // "previous" is only accessed from the recorder thread, so it does not
+    const AVCodec *video_codec;
-    // need to be protected by the mutex
+    const AVCodec *audio_codec;
-    struct sc_record_packet *previous;
+    // Instead of providing an audio_codec, the demuxer may notify that the
+    // stream is disabled if the device could not capture audio
+    bool audio_disabled;
+
+    int video_stream_index;
+    int audio_stream_index;
+
+    const struct sc_recorder_callbacks *cbs;
+    void *cbs_userdata;
+};
+
+struct sc_recorder_callbacks {
+    void (*on_ended)(struct sc_recorder *recorder, bool success,
+                     void *userdata);
 };
 
 bool
 sc_recorder_init(struct sc_recorder *recorder, const char *filename,
-                 enum sc_record_format format,
+                 enum sc_record_format format, bool audio,
-                 struct sc_size declared_frame_size);
+                 struct sc_size declared_frame_size,
+                 const struct sc_recorder_callbacks *cbs, void *cbs_userdata);
+
+bool
+sc_recorder_start(struct sc_recorder *recorder);
+
+void
+sc_recorder_stop(struct sc_recorder *recorder);
+
+void
+sc_recorder_join(struct sc_recorder *recorder);
 
 void
 sc_recorder_destroy(struct sc_recorder *recorder);

app/src/scrcpy.c

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@
 # include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "audio_player.h"
 #include "controller.h"
 #include "decoder.h"
+#include "delay_buffer.h"
 #include "demuxer.h"
 #include "events.h"
 #include "file_pusher.h"
@@ -40,11 +42,17 @@
 struct scrcpy {
     struct sc_server server;
     struct sc_screen screen;
-    struct sc_demuxer demuxer;
+    struct sc_audio_player audio_player;
-    struct sc_decoder decoder;
+    struct sc_delay_buffer audio_buffer;
+    struct sc_demuxer video_demuxer;
+    struct sc_demuxer audio_demuxer;
+    struct sc_decoder video_decoder;
+    struct sc_decoder audio_decoder;
     struct sc_recorder recorder;
+    struct sc_delay_buffer display_buffer;
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
     struct sc_v4l2_sink v4l2_sink;
+    struct sc_delay_buffer v4l2_buffer;
 #endif
     struct sc_controller controller;
     struct sc_file_pusher file_pusher;
@@ -161,6 +169,9 @@ event_loop(struct scrcpy *s) {
             case SC_EVENT_DEMUXER_ERROR:
                 LOGE("Demuxer error");
                 return SCRCPY_EXIT_FAILURE;
+            case SC_EVENT_RECORDER_ERROR:
+                LOGE("Recorder error");
+                return SCRCPY_EXIT_FAILURE;
             case SDL_QUIT:
                 LOGD("User requested to quit");
                 return SCRCPY_EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -179,15 +190,16 @@ await_for_server(bool *connected) {
     while (SDL_WaitEvent(&event)) {
         switch (event.type) {
             case SDL_QUIT:
-                LOGD("User requested to quit");
+                if (connected) {
-                *connected = false;
+                    *connected = false;
+                }
                 return true;
             case SC_EVENT_SERVER_CONNECTION_FAILED:
-                LOGE("Server connection failed");
                 return false;
             case SC_EVENT_SERVER_CONNECTED:
-                LOGD("Server connected");
+                if (connected) {
-                *connected = true;
+                    *connected = true;
+                }
                 return true;
             default:
                 break;
@@ -198,55 +210,56 @@ await_for_server(bool *connected) {
     return false;
 }
 
-static SDL_LogPriority
+static void
-sdl_priority_from_av_level(int level) {
+sc_recorder_on_ended(struct sc_recorder *recorder, bool success,
-    switch (level) {
+                     void *userdata) {
-        case AV_LOG_PANIC:
+    (void) recorder;
-        case AV_LOG_FATAL:
+    (void) userdata;
-            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL;
+
-        case AV_LOG_ERROR:
+    if (!success) {
-            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_ERROR;
+        PUSH_EVENT(SC_EVENT_RECORDER_ERROR);
-        case AV_LOG_WARNING:
-            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_WARN;
-        case AV_LOG_INFO:
-            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO;
     }
-    // do not forward others, which are too verbose
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void
-av_log_callback(void *avcl, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl) {
+sc_video_demuxer_on_ended(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer,
-    (void) avcl;
+                          enum sc_demuxer_status status, void *userdata) {
-    SDL_LogPriority priority = sdl_priority_from_av_level(level);
-    if (priority == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    size_t fmt_len = strlen(fmt);
-    char *local_fmt = malloc(fmt_len + 10);
-    if (!local_fmt) {
-        LOG_OOM();
-        return;
-    }
-    memcpy(local_fmt, "[FFmpeg] ", 9); // do not write the final '\0'
-    memcpy(local_fmt + 9, fmt, fmt_len + 1); // include '\0'
-    SDL_LogMessageV(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_VIDEO, priority, local_fmt, vl);
-    free(local_fmt);
-}
-
-static void
-sc_demuxer_on_ended(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer, bool eos, void *userdata) {
     (void) demuxer;
     (void) userdata;
 
-    if (eos) {
+    // The device may not decide to disable the video
+    assert(status != SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_DISABLED);
+
+    if (status == SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_EOS) {
         PUSH_EVENT(SC_EVENT_DEVICE_DISCONNECTED);
     } else {
         PUSH_EVENT(SC_EVENT_DEMUXER_ERROR);
     }
 }
 
+static void
+sc_audio_demuxer_on_ended(struct sc_demuxer *demuxer,
+                          enum sc_demuxer_status status, void *userdata) {
+    (void) demuxer;
+
+    const struct scrcpy_options *options = userdata;
+
+    // Contrary to the video demuxer, keep mirroring if only the audio fails
+    // (unless --require-audio is set).
+    // 'eos' is true on end-of-stream, including when audio capture is not
+    // possible on the device (so that scrcpy continue to mirror video without
+    // failing).
+    // However, if an audio configuration failure occurs (for example the user
+    // explicitly selected an unknown audio encoder), 'eos' is false and scrcpy
+    // must exit.
+
+    if (status == SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_ERROR
+            || (status == SC_DEMUXER_STATUS_DISABLED
+                && options->require_audio)) {
+        PUSH_EVENT(SC_EVENT_DEMUXER_ERROR);
+    }
+}
+
 static void
 sc_server_on_connection_failed(struct sc_server *server, void *userdata) {
     (void) server;
@@ -300,10 +313,12 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
     bool server_started = false;
     bool file_pusher_initialized = false;
     bool recorder_initialized = false;
+    bool recorder_started = false;
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
     bool v4l2_sink_initialized = false;
 #endif
-    bool demuxer_started = false;
+    bool video_demuxer_started = false;
+    bool audio_demuxer_started = false;
 #ifdef HAVE_USB
     bool aoa_hid_initialized = false;
     bool hid_keyboard_initialized = false;
@@ -323,21 +338,26 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
         .select_usb = options->select_usb,
         .select_tcpip = options->select_tcpip,
         .log_level = options->log_level,
-        .codec = options->codec,
+        .video_codec = options->video_codec,
+        .audio_codec = options->audio_codec,
         .crop = options->crop,
         .port_range = options->port_range,
         .tunnel_host = options->tunnel_host,
         .tunnel_port = options->tunnel_port,
         .max_size = options->max_size,
-        .bit_rate = options->bit_rate,
+        .video_bit_rate = options->video_bit_rate,
+        .audio_bit_rate = options->audio_bit_rate,
         .max_fps = options->max_fps,
         .lock_video_orientation = options->lock_video_orientation,
         .control = options->control,
         .display_id = options->display_id,
+        .audio = options->audio,
         .show_touches = options->show_touches,
         .stay_awake = options->stay_awake,
-        .codec_options = options->codec_options,
+        .video_codec_options = options->video_codec_options,
-        .encoder_name = options->encoder_name,
+        .audio_codec_options = options->audio_codec_options,
+        .video_encoder = options->video_encoder,
+        .audio_encoder = options->audio_encoder,
         .force_adb_forward = options->force_adb_forward,
         .power_off_on_close = options->power_off_on_close,
         .clipboard_autosync = options->clipboard_autosync,
@@ -346,6 +366,8 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
         .tcpip_dst = options->tcpip_dst,
         .cleanup = options->cleanup,
         .power_on = options->power_on,
+        .list_encoders = options->list_encoders,
+        .list_displays = options->list_displays,
     };
 
     static const struct sc_server_callbacks cbs = {
@@ -363,14 +385,27 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
 
     server_started = true;
 
+    if (options->list_encoders || options->list_displays) {
+        bool ok = await_for_server(NULL);
+        ret = ok ? SCRCPY_EXIT_SUCCESS : SCRCPY_EXIT_FAILURE;
+        goto end;
+    }
+
     if (options->display) {
         sdl_set_hints(options->render_driver);
     }
 
     // Initialize SDL video in addition if display is enabled
-    if (options->display && SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
+    if (options->display) {
-        LOGE("Could not initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
-        goto end;
+            LOGE("Could not initialize SDL video: %s", SDL_GetError());
+            goto end;
+        }
+
+        if (options->audio && SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_AUDIO)) {
+            LOGE("Could not initialize SDL audio: %s", SDL_GetError());
+            goto end;
+        }
     }
 
     sdl_configure(options->display, options->disable_screensaver);
@@ -378,15 +413,19 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
     // Await for server without blocking Ctrl+C handling
     bool connected;
     if (!await_for_server(&connected)) {
+        LOGE("Server connection failed");
         goto end;
     }
 
     if (!connected) {
         // This is not an error, user requested to quit
+        LOGD("User requested to quit");
         ret = SCRCPY_EXIT_SUCCESS;
         goto end;
     }
 
+    LOGD("Server connected");
+
     // It is necessarily initialized here, since the device is connected
     struct sc_server_info *info = &s->server.info;
 
@@ -404,41 +443,58 @@ scrcpy(struct scrcpy_options *options) {
         file_pusher_initialized = true;
     }
 
-    struct sc_decoder *dec = NULL;
+    static const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks video_demuxer_cbs = {
-    bool needs_decoder = options->display;
+        .on_ended = sc_video_demuxer_on_ended,
-#ifdef HAVE_V4L2
+    };
-    needs_decoder |= !!options->v4l2_device;
+    sc_demuxer_init(&s->video_demuxer, "video", s->server.video_socket,
-#endif
+                    &video_demuxer_cbs, NULL);
-    if (needs_decoder) {
+
-        sc_decoder_init(&s->decoder);
+    if (options->audio) {
-        dec = &s->decoder;
+        static const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks audio_demuxer_cbs = {
+            .on_ended = sc_audio_demuxer_on_ended,
+        };
+        sc_demuxer_init(&s->audio_demuxer, "audio", s->server.audio_socket,
+                        &audio_demuxer_cbs, options);
+    }
+
+    bool needs_video_decoder = options->display;
+    bool needs_audio_decoder = options->audio && options->display;
+#ifdef HAVE_V4L2
+    needs_video_decoder |= !!options->v4l2_device;
+#endif
+    if (needs_video_decoder) {
+        sc_decoder_init(&s->video_decoder, "video");
+        sc_packet_source_add_sink(&s->video_demuxer.packet_source,
+                                  &s->video_decoder.packet_sink);
+    }
+    if (needs_audio_decoder) {
+        sc_decoder_init(&s->audio_decoder, "audio");
+        sc_packet_source_add_sink(&s->audio_demuxer.packet_source,
+                                  &s->audio_decoder.packet_sink);
     }
 
-    struct sc_recorder *rec = NULL;
     if (options->record_filename) {
-        if (!sc_recorder_init(&s->recorder,
+        static const struct sc_recorder_callbacks recorder_cbs = {
-                              options->record_filename,
+            .on_ended = sc_recorder_on_ended,
-                              options->record_format,
+        };
-                              info->frame_size)) {
+        if (!sc_recorder_init(&s->recorder, options->record_filename,
+                              options->record_format, options->audio,
+                              info->frame_size, &recorder_cbs, NULL)) {
             goto end;
         }
-        rec = &s->recorder;
         recorder_initialized = true;
-    }
 
-    av_log_set_callback(av_log_callback);
+        if (!sc_recorder_start(&s->recorder)) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        recorder_started = true;
 
-    static const struct sc_demuxer_callbacks demuxer_cbs = {
+        sc_packet_source_add_sink(&s->video_demuxer.packet_source,
-        .on_ended = sc_demuxer_on_ended,
+                                  &s->recorder.video_packet_sink);
-    };
+        if (options->audio) {
-    sc_demuxer_init(&s->demuxer, s->server.video_socket, &demuxer_cbs, NULL);
+            sc_packet_source_add_sink(&s->audio_demuxer.packet_source,
-
+                                      &s->recorder.audio_packet_sink);
-    if (dec) {
+        }
-        sc_demuxer_add_sink(&s->demuxer, &dec->packet_sink);
-    }
-
-    if (rec) {
-        sc_demuxer_add_sink(&s->demuxer, &rec->packet_sink);
     }
 
     struct sc_controller *controller = NULL;
@@ -621,7 +677,6 @@ aoa_hid_end:
             .mipmaps = options->mipmaps,
             .fullscreen = options->fullscreen,
             .start_fps_counter = options->start_fps_counter,
-            .buffering_time = options->display_buffer,
         };
 
         if (!sc_screen_init(&s->screen, &screen_params)) {
@@ -629,34 +684,69 @@ aoa_hid_end:
         }
         screen_initialized = true;
 
-        sc_decoder_add_sink(&s->decoder, &s->screen.frame_sink);
+        struct sc_frame_source *src = &s->video_decoder.frame_source;
+        if (options->display_buffer) {
+            sc_delay_buffer_init(&s->display_buffer, options->display_buffer,
+                                 true);
+            sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->display_buffer.frame_sink);
+            src = &s->display_buffer.frame_source;
+        }
+
+        sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->screen.frame_sink);
+
+        if (options->audio) {
+            struct sc_frame_source *src = &s->audio_decoder.frame_source;
+            if (options->audio_buffer) {
+                sc_delay_buffer_init(&s->audio_buffer, options->audio_buffer,
+                                     false);
+                sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->audio_buffer.frame_sink);
+                src = &s->audio_buffer.frame_source;
+            }
+
+            sc_audio_player_init(&s->audio_player);
+            sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->audio_player.frame_sink);
+        }
     }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
     if (options->v4l2_device) {
         if (!sc_v4l2_sink_init(&s->v4l2_sink, options->v4l2_device,
-                               info->frame_size, options->v4l2_buffer)) {
+                               info->frame_size)) {
             goto end;
         }
 
-        sc_decoder_add_sink(&s->decoder, &s->v4l2_sink.frame_sink);
+        struct sc_frame_source *src = &s->video_decoder.frame_source;
+        if (options->v4l2_buffer) {
+            sc_delay_buffer_init(&s->v4l2_buffer, options->v4l2_buffer, true);
+            sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->v4l2_buffer.frame_sink);
+            src = &s->v4l2_buffer.frame_source;
+        }
+
+        sc_frame_source_add_sink(src, &s->v4l2_sink.frame_sink);
 
         v4l2_sink_initialized = true;
     }
 #endif
 
     // now we consumed the header values, the socket receives the video stream
-    // start the demuxer
+    // start the video demuxer
-    if (!sc_demuxer_start(&s->demuxer)) {
+    if (!sc_demuxer_start(&s->video_demuxer)) {
         goto end;
     }
-    demuxer_started = true;
+    video_demuxer_started = true;
+
+    if (options->audio) {
+        if (!sc_demuxer_start(&s->audio_demuxer)) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        audio_demuxer_started = true;
+    }
 
     ret = event_loop(s);
     LOGD("quit...");
 
     // Close the window immediately on closing, because screen_destroy() may
-    // only be called once the demuxer thread is joined (it may take time)
+    // only be called once the video demuxer thread is joined (it may take time)
     sc_screen_hide_window(&s->screen);
 
 end:
@@ -683,6 +773,9 @@ end:
     if (file_pusher_initialized) {
         sc_file_pusher_stop(&s->file_pusher);
     }
+    if (recorder_initialized) {
+        sc_recorder_stop(&s->recorder);
+    }
     if (screen_initialized) {
         sc_screen_interrupt(&s->screen);
     }
@@ -694,8 +787,12 @@ end:
 
     // now that the sockets are shutdown, the demuxer and controller are
     // interrupted, we can join them
-    if (demuxer_started) {
+    if (video_demuxer_started) {
-        sc_demuxer_join(&s->demuxer);
+        sc_demuxer_join(&s->video_demuxer);
+    }
+
+    if (audio_demuxer_started) {
+        sc_demuxer_join(&s->audio_demuxer);
     }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_V4L2
@@ -714,8 +811,9 @@ end:
     }
 #endif
 
-    // Destroy the screen only after the demuxer is guaranteed to be finished,
+    // Destroy the screen only after the video demuxer is guaranteed to be
-    // because otherwise the screen could receive new frames after destruction
+    // finished, because otherwise the screen could receive new frames after
+    // destruction
     if (screen_initialized) {
         sc_screen_join(&s->screen);
         sc_screen_destroy(&s->screen);
@@ -728,6 +826,9 @@ end:
         sc_controller_destroy(&s->controller);
     }
 
+    if (recorder_started) {
+        sc_recorder_join(&s->recorder);
+    }
     if (recorder_initialized) {
         sc_recorder_destroy(&s->recorder);
     }
@@ -737,6 +838,10 @@ end:
         sc_file_pusher_destroy(&s->file_pusher);
     }
 
+    if (server_started) {
+        sc_server_join(&s->server);
+    }
+
     sc_server_destroy(&s->server);
 
     return ret;

app/src/screen.c

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include "events.h"
 #include "icon.h"
 #include "options.h"
-#include "video_buffer.h"
 #include "util/log.h"
 
 #define DISPLAY_MARGINS 96
@@ -330,7 +329,11 @@ event_watcher(void *data, SDL_Event *event) {
 #endif
 
 static bool
-sc_screen_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
+sc_screen_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink,
+                          const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
+    assert(ctx->pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P);
+    (void) ctx;
+
     struct sc_screen *screen = DOWNCAST(sink);
     (void) screen;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -355,30 +358,18 @@ sc_screen_frame_sink_close(struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
 static bool
 sc_screen_frame_sink_push(struct sc_frame_sink *sink, const AVFrame *frame) {
     struct sc_screen *screen = DOWNCAST(sink);
-    return sc_video_buffer_push(&screen->vb, frame);
-}
 
-static void
+    bool previous_skipped;
-sc_video_buffer_on_new_frame(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, bool previous_skipped,
+    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_push(&screen->fb, frame, &previous_skipped);
-                             void *userdata) {
+    if (!ok) {
-    (void) vb;
+        return false;
-    struct sc_screen *screen = userdata;
+    }
 
-    // event_failed implies previous_skipped (the previous frame may not have
-    // been consumed if the event was not sent)
-    assert(!screen->event_failed || previous_skipped);
-
-    bool need_new_event;
     if (previous_skipped) {
         sc_fps_counter_add_skipped_frame(&screen->fps_counter);
         // The SC_EVENT_NEW_FRAME triggered for the previous frame will consume
-        // this new frame instead, unless the previous event failed
+        // this new frame instead
-        need_new_event = screen->event_failed;
     } else {
-        need_new_event = true;
-    }
-
-    if (need_new_event) {
         static SDL_Event new_frame_event = {
             .type = SC_EVENT_NEW_FRAME,
         };
@@ -387,11 +378,11 @@ sc_video_buffer_on_new_frame(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, bool previous_skipped,
         int ret = SDL_PushEvent(&new_frame_event);
         if (ret < 0) {
             LOGW("Could not post new frame event: %s", SDL_GetError());
-            screen->event_failed = true;
+            return false;
-        } else {
-            screen->event_failed = false;
         }
     }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool
@@ -401,7 +392,6 @@ sc_screen_init(struct sc_screen *screen,
     screen->has_frame = false;
     screen->fullscreen = false;
     screen->maximized = false;
-    screen->event_failed = false;
     screen->mouse_capture_key_pressed = 0;
 
     screen->req.x = params->window_x;
@@ -411,23 +401,13 @@ sc_screen_init(struct sc_screen *screen,
     screen->req.fullscreen = params->fullscreen;
     screen->req.start_fps_counter = params->start_fps_counter;
 
-    static const struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks cbs = {
+    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_init(&screen->fb);
-        .on_new_frame = sc_video_buffer_on_new_frame,
-    };
-
-    bool ok = sc_video_buffer_init(&screen->vb, params->buffering_time, &cbs,
-                                   screen);
     if (!ok) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    ok = sc_video_buffer_start(&screen->vb);
-    if (!ok) {
-        goto error_destroy_video_buffer;
-    }
-
     if (!sc_fps_counter_init(&screen->fps_counter)) {
-        goto error_stop_and_join_video_buffer;
+        goto error_destroy_frame_buffer;
     }
 
     screen->frame_size = params->frame_size;
@@ -559,11 +539,8 @@ error_destroy_window:
     SDL_DestroyWindow(screen->window);
 error_destroy_fps_counter:
     sc_fps_counter_destroy(&screen->fps_counter);
-error_stop_and_join_video_buffer:
+error_destroy_frame_buffer:
-    sc_video_buffer_stop(&screen->vb);
+    sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&screen->fb);
-    sc_video_buffer_join(&screen->vb);
-error_destroy_video_buffer:
-    sc_video_buffer_destroy(&screen->vb);
 
     return false;
 }
@@ -600,13 +577,11 @@ sc_screen_hide_window(struct sc_screen *screen) {
 
 void
 sc_screen_interrupt(struct sc_screen *screen) {
-    sc_video_buffer_stop(&screen->vb);
     sc_fps_counter_interrupt(&screen->fps_counter);
 }
 
 void
 sc_screen_join(struct sc_screen *screen) {
-    sc_video_buffer_join(&screen->vb);
     sc_fps_counter_join(&screen->fps_counter);
 }
 
@@ -620,7 +595,7 @@ sc_screen_destroy(struct sc_screen *screen) {
     SDL_DestroyRenderer(screen->renderer);
     SDL_DestroyWindow(screen->window);
     sc_fps_counter_destroy(&screen->fps_counter);
-    sc_video_buffer_destroy(&screen->vb);
+    sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&screen->fb);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -726,7 +701,7 @@ update_texture(struct sc_screen *screen, const AVFrame *frame) {
 static bool
 sc_screen_update_frame(struct sc_screen *screen) {
     av_frame_unref(screen->frame);
-    sc_video_buffer_consume(&screen->vb, screen->frame);
+    sc_frame_buffer_consume(&screen->fb, screen->frame);
     AVFrame *frame = screen->frame;
 
     sc_fps_counter_add_rendered_frame(&screen->fps_counter);

app/src/screen.h

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
 #include "controller.h"
 #include "coords.h"
 #include "fps_counter.h"
+#include "frame_buffer.h"
 #include "input_manager.h"
 #include "opengl.h"
 #include "trait/key_processor.h"
 #include "trait/frame_sink.h"
 #include "trait/mouse_processor.h"
-#include "video_buffer.h"
 
 struct sc_screen {
     struct sc_frame_sink frame_sink; // frame sink trait
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct sc_screen {
 #endif
 
     struct sc_input_manager im;
-    struct sc_video_buffer vb;
+    struct sc_frame_buffer fb;
     struct sc_fps_counter fps_counter;
 
     // The initial requested window properties
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ struct sc_screen {
     bool maximized;
     bool mipmaps;
 
-    bool event_failed; // in case SDL_PushEvent() returned an error
-
     // To enable/disable mouse capture, a mouse capture key (LALT, LGUI or
     // RGUI) must be pressed. This variable tracks the pressed capture key.
     SDL_Keycode mouse_capture_key_pressed;
@@ -95,8 +93,6 @@ struct sc_screen_params {
 
     bool fullscreen;
     bool start_fps_counter;
-
-    sc_tick buffering_time;
 };
 
 // initialize screen, create window, renderer and texture (window is hidden)

app/src/server.c

@@ -71,8 +71,10 @@ sc_server_params_destroy(struct sc_server_params *params) {
     // The server stores a copy of the params provided by the user
     free((char *) params->req_serial);
     free((char *) params->crop);
-    free((char *) params->codec_options);
+    free((char *) params->video_codec_options);
-    free((char *) params->encoder_name);
+    free((char *) params->audio_codec_options);
+    free((char *) params->video_encoder);
+    free((char *) params->audio_encoder);
     free((char *) params->tcpip_dst);
 }
 
@@ -95,8 +97,10 @@ sc_server_params_copy(struct sc_server_params *dst,
 
     COPY(req_serial);
     COPY(crop);
-    COPY(codec_options);
+    COPY(video_codec_options);
-    COPY(encoder_name);
+    COPY(audio_codec_options);
+    COPY(video_encoder);
+    COPY(audio_encoder);
     COPY(tcpip_dst);
 #undef COPY
 
@@ -165,6 +169,10 @@ sc_server_get_codec_name(enum sc_codec codec) {
             return "h265";
         case SC_CODEC_AV1:
             return "av1";
+        case SC_CODEC_OPUS:
+            return "opus";
+        case SC_CODEC_AAC:
+            return "aac";
         default:
             return NULL;
     }
@@ -215,10 +223,22 @@ execute_server(struct sc_server *server,
 
     ADD_PARAM("scid=%08x", params->scid);
     ADD_PARAM("log_level=%s", log_level_to_server_string(params->log_level));
-    ADD_PARAM("bit_rate=%" PRIu32, params->bit_rate);
 
-    if (params->codec != SC_CODEC_H264) {
+    if (params->video_bit_rate) {
-        ADD_PARAM("codec=%s", sc_server_get_codec_name(params->codec));
+        ADD_PARAM("video_bit_rate=%" PRIu32, params->video_bit_rate);
+    }
+    if (!params->audio) {
+        ADD_PARAM("audio=false");
+    } else if (params->audio_bit_rate) {
+        ADD_PARAM("audio_bit_rate=%" PRIu32, params->audio_bit_rate);
+    }
+    if (params->video_codec != SC_CODEC_H264) {
+        ADD_PARAM("video_codec=%s",
+                  sc_server_get_codec_name(params->video_codec));
+    }
+    if (params->audio_codec != SC_CODEC_OPUS) {
+        ADD_PARAM("audio_codec=%s",
+            sc_server_get_codec_name(params->audio_codec));
     }
     if (params->max_size) {
         ADD_PARAM("max_size=%" PRIu16, params->max_size);
@@ -249,11 +269,17 @@ execute_server(struct sc_server *server,
     if (params->stay_awake) {
         ADD_PARAM("stay_awake=true");
     }
-    if (params->codec_options) {
+    if (params->video_codec_options) {
-        ADD_PARAM("codec_options=%s", params->codec_options);
+        ADD_PARAM("video_codec_options=%s", params->video_codec_options);
     }
-    if (params->encoder_name) {
+    if (params->audio_codec_options) {
-        ADD_PARAM("encoder_name=%s", params->encoder_name);
+        ADD_PARAM("audio_codec_options=%s", params->audio_codec_options);
+    }
+    if (params->video_encoder) {
+        ADD_PARAM("video_encoder=%s", params->video_encoder);
+    }
+    if (params->audio_encoder) {
+        ADD_PARAM("audio_encoder=%s", params->audio_encoder);
     }
     if (params->power_off_on_close) {
         ADD_PARAM("power_off_on_close=true");
@@ -274,6 +300,12 @@ execute_server(struct sc_server *server,
         // By default, power_on is true
         ADD_PARAM("power_on=false");
     }
+    if (params->list_encoders) {
+        ADD_PARAM("list_encoders=true");
+    }
+    if (params->list_displays) {
+        ADD_PARAM("list_displays=true");
+    }
 
 #undef ADD_PARAM
 
@@ -388,6 +420,7 @@ sc_server_init(struct sc_server *server, const struct sc_server_params *params,
     server->stopped = false;
 
     server->video_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
+    server->audio_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
     server->control_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
 
     sc_adb_tunnel_init(&server->tunnel);
@@ -431,9 +464,11 @@ sc_server_connect_to(struct sc_server *server, struct sc_server_info *info) {
     const char *serial = server->serial;
     assert(serial);
 
+    bool audio = server->params.audio;
     bool control = server->params.control;
 
     sc_socket video_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
+    sc_socket audio_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
     sc_socket control_socket = SC_SOCKET_NONE;
     if (!tunnel->forward) {
         video_socket = net_accept_intr(&server->intr, tunnel->server_socket);
@@ -441,6 +476,14 @@ sc_server_connect_to(struct sc_server *server, struct sc_server_info *info) {
             goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (audio) {
+            audio_socket =
+                net_accept_intr(&server->intr, tunnel->server_socket);
+            if (audio_socket == SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+
         if (control) {
             control_socket =
                 net_accept_intr(&server->intr, tunnel->server_socket);
@@ -467,6 +510,18 @@ sc_server_connect_to(struct sc_server *server, struct sc_server_info *info) {
             goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (audio) {
+            audio_socket = net_socket();
+            if (audio_socket == SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            bool ok = net_connect_intr(&server->intr, audio_socket, tunnel_host,
+                                       tunnel_port);
+            if (!ok) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+
         if (control) {
             // we know that the device is listening, we don't need several
             // attempts
@@ -493,9 +548,11 @@ sc_server_connect_to(struct sc_server *server, struct sc_server_info *info) {
     }
 
     assert(video_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE);
+    assert(!audio || audio_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE);
     assert(!control || control_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE);
 
     server->video_socket = video_socket;
+    server->audio_socket = audio_socket;
     server->control_socket = control_socket;
 
     return true;
@@ -507,6 +564,12 @@ fail:
         }
     }
 
+    if (audio_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
+        if (!net_close(audio_socket)) {
+            LOGW("Could not close audio socket");
+        }
+    }
+
     if (control_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
         if (!net_close(control_socket)) {
             LOGW("Could not close control socket");
@@ -791,6 +854,25 @@ run_server(void *data) {
     assert(serial);
     LOGD("Device serial: %s", serial);
 
+    ok = push_server(&server->intr, serial);
+    if (!ok) {
+        goto error_connection_failed;
+    }
+
+    // If --list-* is passed, then the server just prints the requested data
+    // then exits.
+    if (params->list_encoders || params->list_displays) {
+        sc_pid pid = execute_server(server, params);
+        if (pid == SC_PROCESS_NONE) {
+            goto error_connection_failed;
+        }
+        sc_process_wait(pid, NULL); // ignore exit code
+        sc_process_close(pid);
+        // Wake up await_for_server()
+        server->cbs->on_connected(server, server->cbs_userdata);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     int r = asprintf(&server->device_socket_name, SC_SOCKET_NAME_PREFIX "%08x",
                      params->scid);
     if (r == -1) {
@@ -800,11 +882,6 @@ run_server(void *data) {
     assert(r == sizeof(SC_SOCKET_NAME_PREFIX) - 1 + 8);
     assert(server->device_socket_name);
 
-    ok = push_server(&server->intr, serial);
-    if (!ok) {
-        goto error_connection_failed;
-    }
-
     ok = sc_adb_tunnel_open(&server->tunnel, &server->intr, serial,
                             server->device_socket_name, params->port_range,
                             params->force_adb_forward);
@@ -857,6 +934,11 @@ run_server(void *data) {
     assert(server->video_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE);
     net_interrupt(server->video_socket);
 
+    if (server->audio_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
+        // There is no audio_socket if --no-audio is set
+        net_interrupt(server->audio_socket);
+    }
+
     if (server->control_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
         // There is no control_socket if --no-control is set
         net_interrupt(server->control_socket);
@@ -909,7 +991,10 @@ sc_server_stop(struct sc_server *server) {
     sc_cond_signal(&server->cond_stopped);
     sc_intr_interrupt(&server->intr);
     sc_mutex_unlock(&server->mutex);
+}
 
+void
+sc_server_join(struct sc_server *server) {
     sc_thread_join(&server->thread, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -918,6 +1003,9 @@ sc_server_destroy(struct sc_server *server) {
     if (server->video_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
         net_close(server->video_socket);
     }
+    if (server->audio_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
+        net_close(server->audio_socket);
+    }
     if (server->control_socket != SC_SOCKET_NONE) {
         net_close(server->control_socket);
     }

app/src/server.h

@@ -25,19 +25,24 @@ struct sc_server_params {
     uint32_t scid;
     const char *req_serial;
     enum sc_log_level log_level;
-    enum sc_codec codec;
+    enum sc_codec video_codec;
+    enum sc_codec audio_codec;
     const char *crop;
-    const char *codec_options;
+    const char *video_codec_options;
-    const char *encoder_name;
+    const char *audio_codec_options;
+    const char *video_encoder;
+    const char *audio_encoder;
     struct sc_port_range port_range;
     uint32_t tunnel_host;
     uint16_t tunnel_port;
     uint16_t max_size;
-    uint32_t bit_rate;
+    uint32_t video_bit_rate;
+    uint32_t audio_bit_rate;
     uint16_t max_fps;
     int8_t lock_video_orientation;
     bool control;
     uint32_t display_id;
+    bool audio;
     bool show_touches;
     bool stay_awake;
     bool force_adb_forward;
@@ -50,6 +55,8 @@ struct sc_server_params {
     bool select_tcpip;
     bool cleanup;
     bool power_on;
+    bool list_encoders;
+    bool list_displays;
 };
 
 struct sc_server {
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ struct sc_server {
     struct sc_adb_tunnel tunnel;
 
     sc_socket video_socket;
+    sc_socket audio_socket;
     sc_socket control_socket;
 
     const struct sc_server_callbacks *cbs;
@@ -108,6 +116,10 @@ sc_server_start(struct sc_server *server);
 void
 sc_server_stop(struct sc_server *server);
 
+// join the server thread
+void
+sc_server_join(struct sc_server *server);
+
 // close and release sockets
 void
 sc_server_destroy(struct sc_server *server);

app/src/trait/frame_sink.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 
 typedef struct AVFrame AVFrame;
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ struct sc_frame_sink {
 };
 
 struct sc_frame_sink_ops {
-    bool (*open)(struct sc_frame_sink *sink);
+    bool (*open)(struct sc_frame_sink *sink, const AVCodecContext *ctx);
     void (*close)(struct sc_frame_sink *sink);
     bool (*push)(struct sc_frame_sink *sink, const AVFrame *frame);
 };

app/src/trait/frame_source.c

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "frame_source.h"
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_init(struct sc_frame_source *source) {
+    source->sink_count = 0;
+}
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_add_sink(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                         struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
+    assert(source->sink_count < SC_FRAME_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS);
+    assert(sink);
+    assert(sink->ops);
+    source->sinks[source->sink_count++] = sink;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_frame_source_sinks_close_firsts(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                                    unsigned count) {
+    while (count) {
+        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = source->sinks[--count];
+        sink->ops->close(sink);
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+sc_frame_source_sinks_open(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                           const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->sink_count; ++i) {
+        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = source->sinks[i];
+        if (!sink->ops->open(sink, ctx)) {
+            sc_frame_source_sinks_close_firsts(source, i);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_sinks_close(struct sc_frame_source *source) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    sc_frame_source_sinks_close_firsts(source, source->sink_count);
+}
+
+bool
+sc_frame_source_sinks_push(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                            const AVFrame *frame) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->sink_count; ++i) {
+        struct sc_frame_sink *sink = source->sinks[i];
+        if (!sink->ops->push(sink, frame)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}

app/src/trait/frame_source.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#ifndef SC_FRAME_SOURCE_H
+#define SC_FRAME_SOURCE_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include "frame_sink.h"
+
+#define SC_FRAME_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS 2
+
+/**
+ * Frame source trait
+ *
+ * Component able to send AVFrames should implement this trait.
+ */
+struct sc_frame_source {
+    struct sc_frame_sink *sinks[SC_FRAME_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS];
+    unsigned sink_count;
+};
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_init(struct sc_frame_source *source);
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_add_sink(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                         struct sc_frame_sink *sink);
+
+bool
+sc_frame_source_sinks_open(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                           const AVCodecContext *ctx);
+
+void
+sc_frame_source_sinks_close(struct sc_frame_source *source);
+
+bool
+sc_frame_source_sinks_push(struct sc_frame_source *source,
+                           const AVFrame *frame);
+
+#endif

app/src/trait/packet_sink.h

@@ -19,9 +19,20 @@ struct sc_packet_sink {
 };
 
 struct sc_packet_sink_ops {
+    /* The codec instance is static, it is valid until the end of the program */
     bool (*open)(struct sc_packet_sink *sink, const AVCodec *codec);
     void (*close)(struct sc_packet_sink *sink);
     bool (*push)(struct sc_packet_sink *sink, const AVPacket *packet);
+
+    /*/
+     * Called when the input stream has been disabled at runtime.
+     *
+     * If it is called, then open(), close() and push() will never be called.
+     *
+     * It is useful to notify the recorder that the requested audio stream has
+     * finally been disabled because the device could not capture it.
+     */
+    void (*disable)(struct sc_packet_sink *sink);
 };
 
 #endif

app/src/trait/packet_source.c

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "packet_source.h"
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_init(struct sc_packet_source *source) {
+    source->sink_count = 0;
+}
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_add_sink(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                          struct sc_packet_sink *sink) {
+    assert(source->sink_count < SC_PACKET_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS);
+    assert(sink);
+    assert(sink->ops);
+    source->sinks[source->sink_count++] = sink;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_packet_source_sinks_close_firsts(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                                    unsigned count) {
+    while (count) {
+        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = source->sinks[--count];
+        sink->ops->close(sink);
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+sc_packet_source_sinks_open(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                            const AVCodec *codec) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->sink_count; ++i) {
+        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = source->sinks[i];
+        if (!sink->ops->open(sink, codec)) {
+            sc_packet_source_sinks_close_firsts(source, i);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_sinks_close(struct sc_packet_source *source) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    sc_packet_source_sinks_close_firsts(source, source->sink_count);
+}
+
+bool
+sc_packet_source_sinks_push(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                            const AVPacket *packet) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->sink_count; ++i) {
+        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = source->sinks[i];
+        if (!sink->ops->push(sink, packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_sinks_disable(struct sc_packet_source *source) {
+    assert(source->sink_count);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < source->sink_count; ++i) {
+        struct sc_packet_sink *sink = source->sinks[i];
+        if (sink->ops->disable) {
+            sink->ops->disable(sink);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/src/trait/packet_source.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef SC_PACKET_SOURCE_H
+#define SC_PACKET_SOURCE_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include "packet_sink.h"
+
+#define SC_PACKET_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS 2
+
+/**
+ * Packet source trait
+ *
+ * Component able to send AVPackets should implement this trait.
+ */
+struct sc_packet_source {
+    struct sc_packet_sink *sinks[SC_PACKET_SOURCE_MAX_SINKS];
+    unsigned sink_count;
+};
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_init(struct sc_packet_source *source);
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_add_sink(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                          struct sc_packet_sink *sink);
+
+bool
+sc_packet_source_sinks_open(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                            const AVCodec *codec);
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_sinks_close(struct sc_packet_source *source);
+
+bool
+sc_packet_source_sinks_push(struct sc_packet_source *source,
+                            const AVPacket *packet);
+
+void
+sc_packet_source_sinks_disable(struct sc_packet_source *source);
+
+#endif

app/src/usb/aoa_hid.c

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 1000
 
+#define SC_HID_EVENT_QUEUE_MAX 64
+
 static void
 sc_hid_event_log(const struct sc_hid_event *event) {
     // HID Event: [00] FF FF FF FF...
@@ -48,14 +50,20 @@ sc_hid_event_destroy(struct sc_hid_event *hid_event) {
 bool
 sc_aoa_init(struct sc_aoa *aoa, struct sc_usb *usb,
             struct sc_acksync *acksync) {
-    cbuf_init(&aoa->queue);
+    sc_vecdeque_init(&aoa->queue);
+
+    if (!sc_vecdeque_reserve(&aoa->queue, SC_HID_EVENT_QUEUE_MAX)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
     if (!sc_mutex_init(&aoa->mutex)) {
+        sc_vecdeque_destroy(&aoa->queue);
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!sc_cond_init(&aoa->event_cond)) {
         sc_mutex_destroy(&aoa->mutex);
+        sc_vecdeque_destroy(&aoa->queue);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -69,9 +77,10 @@ sc_aoa_init(struct sc_aoa *aoa, struct sc_usb *usb,
 void
 sc_aoa_destroy(struct sc_aoa *aoa) {
     // Destroy remaining events
-    struct sc_hid_event event;
+    while (!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&aoa->queue)) {
-    while (cbuf_take(&aoa->queue, &event)) {
+        struct sc_hid_event *event = sc_vecdeque_popref(&aoa->queue);
-        sc_hid_event_destroy(&event);
+        assert(event);
+        sc_hid_event_destroy(event);
     }
 
     sc_cond_destroy(&aoa->event_cond);
@@ -212,13 +221,19 @@ sc_aoa_push_hid_event(struct sc_aoa *aoa, const struct sc_hid_event *event) {
     }
 
     sc_mutex_lock(&aoa->mutex);
-    bool was_empty = cbuf_is_empty(&aoa->queue);
+    bool full = sc_vecdeque_is_full(&aoa->queue);
-    bool res = cbuf_push(&aoa->queue, *event);
+    if (!full) {
-    if (was_empty) {
+        bool was_empty = sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&aoa->queue);
-        sc_cond_signal(&aoa->event_cond);
+        sc_vecdeque_push_noresize(&aoa->queue, *event);
+        if (was_empty) {
+            sc_cond_signal(&aoa->event_cond);
+        }
     }
+    // Otherwise (if the queue is full), the event is discarded
+
     sc_mutex_unlock(&aoa->mutex);
-    return res;
+
+    return !full;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -227,7 +242,7 @@ run_aoa_thread(void *data) {
 
     for (;;) {
         sc_mutex_lock(&aoa->mutex);
-        while (!aoa->stopped && cbuf_is_empty(&aoa->queue)) {
+        while (!aoa->stopped && sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&aoa->queue)) {
             sc_cond_wait(&aoa->event_cond, &aoa->mutex);
         }
         if (aoa->stopped) {
@@ -235,11 +250,9 @@ run_aoa_thread(void *data) {
             sc_mutex_unlock(&aoa->mutex);
             break;
         }
-        struct sc_hid_event event;
-        bool non_empty = cbuf_take(&aoa->queue, &event);
-        assert(non_empty);
-        (void) non_empty;
 
+        assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&aoa->queue));
+        struct sc_hid_event event = sc_vecdeque_pop(&aoa->queue);
         uint64_t ack_to_wait = event.ack_to_wait;
         sc_mutex_unlock(&aoa->mutex);
 

app/src/usb/aoa_hid.h

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 
 #include "usb.h"
 #include "util/acksync.h"
-#include "util/cbuf.h"
 #include "util/thread.h"
 #include "util/tick.h"
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
 
 struct sc_hid_event {
     uint16_t accessory_id;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ sc_hid_event_init(struct sc_hid_event *hid_event, uint16_t accessory_id,
 void
 sc_hid_event_destroy(struct sc_hid_event *hid_event);
 
-struct sc_hid_event_queue CBUF(struct sc_hid_event, 64);
+struct sc_hid_event_queue SC_VECDEQUE(struct sc_hid_event);
 
 struct sc_aoa {
     struct sc_usb *usb;

app/src/util/average.c

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "average.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+void
+sc_average_init(struct sc_average *avg, unsigned range) {
+    avg->range = range;
+    avg->avg = 0;
+    avg->count = 0;
+}
+
+void
+sc_average_push(struct sc_average *avg, float value) {
+    if (avg->count < avg->range) {
+        ++avg->count;
+    }
+
+    assert(avg->count);
+    avg->avg = ((avg->count - 1) * avg->avg + value) / avg->count;
+}
+
+float
+sc_average_get(struct sc_average *avg) {
+    assert(avg->count);
+    return avg->avg;
+}

app/src/util/average.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef SC_AVERAGE
+#define SC_AVERAGE
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct sc_average {
+    // Current average value
+    float avg;
+
+    // Target range, to update the average as follow:
+    //     avg = ((range - 1) * avg + new_value) / range
+    unsigned range;
+
+    // Number of values pushed when less than range (count <= range).
+    // The purpose is to handle the first (range - 1) values properly.
+    unsigned count;
+};
+
+void
+sc_average_init(struct sc_average *avg, unsigned range);
+
+/**
+ * Push a new value to update the "rolling" average
+ */
+void
+sc_average_push(struct sc_average *avg, float value);
+
+/**
+ * Get the current average value
+ *
+ * It is an error to call this function if sc_average_push() has not been
+ * called at least once.
+ */
+float
+sc_average_get(struct sc_average *avg);
+
+#endif

app/src/util/bytebuf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "bytebuf.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "util/log.h"
+
+bool
+sc_bytebuf_init(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t alloc_size) {
+    assert(alloc_size);
+    // sufficient, but use more for alignment.
+    buf->data = malloc(alloc_size);
+    if (!buf->data) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    buf->alloc_size = alloc_size;
+    buf->head = 0;
+    buf->tail = 0;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_destroy(struct sc_bytebuf *buf) {
+    free(buf->data);
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_read(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, uint8_t *to, size_t len) {
+    assert(len);
+    assert(len <= sc_bytebuf_read_available(buf));
+    assert(buf->tail != buf->head); // the buffer could not be empty
+
+    size_t right_limit = buf->tail < buf->head ? buf->head : buf->alloc_size;
+    size_t right_len = right_limit - buf->tail;
+    if (len < right_len) {
+        right_len = len;
+    }
+    memcpy(to, buf->data + buf->tail, right_len);
+
+    if (len > right_len) {
+        memcpy(to + right_len, buf->data, len - right_len);
+    }
+
+    buf->tail = (buf->tail + len) % buf->alloc_size;
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_skip(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t len) {
+    assert(len);
+    assert(len <= sc_bytebuf_read_available(buf));
+    assert(buf->tail != buf->head); // the buffer could not be empty
+
+    buf->tail = (buf->tail + len) % buf->alloc_size;
+}
+
+static inline void
+sc_bytebuf_write_step0(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, const uint8_t *from,
+                       size_t len) {
+    size_t right_len = buf->alloc_size - buf->head;
+    if (len < right_len) {
+        right_len = len;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(buf->data + buf->head, from, right_len);
+    if (len > right_len) {
+        memcpy(buf->data, from + right_len, len - right_len);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void
+sc_bytebuf_write_step1(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t len) {
+    buf->head = (buf->head + len) % buf->alloc_size;
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, const uint8_t *from, size_t len) {
+    assert(len);
+    assert(len <= sc_bytebuf_write_available(buf));
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write_step0(buf, from, len);
+    sc_bytebuf_write_step1(buf, len);
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_prepare_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, const uint8_t *from,
+                         size_t len) {
+    // *This function MUST NOT access buf->tail (even in assert()).*
+    // The purpose of this function is to allow a reader and a writer to access
+    // different parts of the buffer in parallel simultaneously. It is intended
+    // to be called without lock (only sc_bytebuf_commit_write() is intended to
+    // be called with lock held).
+
+    assert(len < buf->alloc_size - 1);
+    sc_bytebuf_write_step0(buf, from, len);
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_commit_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t len) {
+    assert(len <= sc_bytebuf_write_available(buf));
+    sc_bytebuf_write_step1(buf, len);
+}

app/src/util/bytebuf.h

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#ifndef SC_BYTEBUF_H
+#define SC_BYTEBUF_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct sc_bytebuf {
+    uint8_t *data;
+    // The actual capacity is (allocated - 1) so that head == tail is
+    // non-ambiguous
+    size_t alloc_size;
+    size_t head; // writter cursor
+    size_t tail; // reader cursor
+    // empty: tail == head
+    // full: (tail + 1) % allocated == head
+};
+
+bool
+sc_bytebuf_init(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t alloc_size);
+
+/**
+ * Copy from the bytebuf to a user-provided array
+ *
+ * The caller must check that len <= sc_bytebuf_read_available() (it is an
+ * error to attempt to read more bytes than available).
+ *
+ * This function is guaranteed not to write to buf->head.
+ */
+void
+sc_bytebuf_read(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, uint8_t *to, size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Drop len bytes from the buffer
+ *
+ * The caller must check that len <= sc_bytebuf_read_available() (it is an
+ * error to attempt to skip more bytes than available).
+ *
+ * This function is guaranteed not to change the head.
+ *
+ * This function is guaranteed to not change the head.
+ *
+ * It is equivalent to call sc_bytebuf_read() to some array and discard the
+ * array (but more efficient since there is no copy).
+ */
+void
+sc_bytebuf_skip(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Copy the user-provided array to the bytebuf
+ *
+ * The caller must check that len <= sc_bytebuf_write_available() (it is an
+ * error to write more bytes than the remaining available space).
+ *
+ * This function is guaranteed not to write to buf->tail.
+ */
+void
+sc_bytebuf_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, const uint8_t *from, size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Copy the user-provided array to the bytebuf, but do not advance the cursor
+ *
+ * The caller must check that len <= sc_bytebuf_write_available() (it is an
+ * error to write more bytes than the remaining available space).
+ *
+ * After this function is called, the write must be committed with
+ * sc_bytebuf_commit_write().
+ *
+ * The purpose of this mechanism is to acquire a lock only to commit the write,
+ * but not to perform the actual copy.
+ *
+ * This function is guaranteed not to access buf->tail.
+ */
+void
+sc_bytebuf_prepare_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, const uint8_t *from,
+                         size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Commit a prepared write
+ */
+void
+sc_bytebuf_commit_write(struct sc_bytebuf *buf, size_t len);
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of bytes which can be read
+ *
+ * It is an error to read more bytes than available.
+ */
+static inline size_t
+sc_bytebuf_read_available(struct sc_bytebuf *buf) {
+    return (buf->alloc_size + buf->head - buf->tail) % buf->alloc_size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the number of bytes which can be written
+ *
+ * It is an error to write more bytes than available.
+ */
+static inline size_t
+sc_bytebuf_write_available(struct sc_bytebuf *buf) {
+    return (buf->alloc_size + buf->tail - buf->head - 1) % buf->alloc_size;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the actual capacity of the buffer (read available + write available)
+ */
+static inline size_t
+sc_bytebuf_capacity(struct sc_bytebuf *buf) {
+    return buf->alloc_size - 1;
+}
+
+void
+sc_bytebuf_destroy(struct sc_bytebuf *buf);
+
+#endif

app/src/util/cbuf.h

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-// generic circular buffer (bounded queue) implementation
-#ifndef SC_CBUF_H
-#define SC_CBUF_H
-
-#include "common.h"
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-// To define a circular buffer type of 20 ints:
-//     struct cbuf_int CBUF(int, 20);
-//
-// data has length CAP + 1 to distinguish empty vs full.
-#define CBUF(TYPE, CAP) { \
-    TYPE data[(CAP) + 1]; \
-    size_t head; \
-    size_t tail; \
-}
-
-#define cbuf_size_(PCBUF) \
-    (sizeof((PCBUF)->data) / sizeof(*(PCBUF)->data))
-
-#define cbuf_is_empty(PCBUF) \
-    ((PCBUF)->head == (PCBUF)->tail)
-
-#define cbuf_is_full(PCBUF) \
-    (((PCBUF)->head + 1) % cbuf_size_(PCBUF) == (PCBUF)->tail)
-
-#define cbuf_init(PCBUF) \
-    (void) ((PCBUF)->head = (PCBUF)->tail = 0)
-
-#define cbuf_push(PCBUF, ITEM) \
-    ({ \
-        bool ok = !cbuf_is_full(PCBUF); \
-        if (ok) { \
-            (PCBUF)->data[(PCBUF)->head] = (ITEM); \
-            (PCBUF)->head = ((PCBUF)->head + 1) % cbuf_size_(PCBUF); \
-        } \
-        ok; \
-    })
-
-#define cbuf_take(PCBUF, PITEM) \
-    ({ \
-        bool ok = !cbuf_is_empty(PCBUF); \
-        if (ok) { \
-            *(PITEM) = (PCBUF)->data[(PCBUF)->tail]; \
-            (PCBUF)->tail = ((PCBUF)->tail + 1) % cbuf_size_(PCBUF); \
-        } \
-        ok; \
-    })
-
-#endif

app/src/util/log.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # include <windows.h>
 #endif
 #include <assert.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
 
 static SDL_LogPriority
 log_level_sc_to_sdl(enum sc_log_level level) {
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ void
 sc_set_log_level(enum sc_log_level level) {
     SDL_LogPriority sdl_log = log_level_sc_to_sdl(level);
     SDL_LogSetPriority(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, sdl_log);
+    SDL_LogSetPriority(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_CUSTOM, sdl_log);
 }
 
 enum sc_log_level
@@ -85,3 +87,46 @@ sc_log_windows_error(const char *prefix, int error) {
     return true;
 }
 #endif
+
+static SDL_LogPriority
+sdl_priority_from_av_level(int level) {
+    switch (level) {
+        case AV_LOG_PANIC:
+        case AV_LOG_FATAL:
+            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL;
+        case AV_LOG_ERROR:
+            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_ERROR;
+        case AV_LOG_WARNING:
+            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_WARN;
+        case AV_LOG_INFO:
+            return SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO;
+    }
+    // do not forward others, which are too verbose
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+sc_av_log_callback(void *avcl, int level, const char *fmt, va_list vl) {
+    (void) avcl;
+    SDL_LogPriority priority = sdl_priority_from_av_level(level);
+    if (priority == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t fmt_len = strlen(fmt);
+    char *local_fmt = malloc(fmt_len + 10);
+    if (!local_fmt) {
+        LOG_OOM();
+        return;
+    }
+    memcpy(local_fmt, "[FFmpeg] ", 9); // do not write the final '\0'
+    memcpy(local_fmt + 9, fmt, fmt_len + 1); // include '\0'
+    SDL_LogMessageV(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_CUSTOM, priority, local_fmt, vl);
+    free(local_fmt);
+}
+
+void
+sc_log_configure() {
+    // Redirect FFmpeg logs to SDL logs
+    av_log_set_callback(sc_av_log_callback);
+}

app/src/util/log.h

@@ -35,4 +35,7 @@ bool
 sc_log_windows_error(const char *prefix, int error);
 #endif
 
+void
+sc_log_configure();
+
 #endif

app/src/util/memory.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "memory.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+void *
+sc_allocarray(size_t nmemb, size_t size) {
+    size_t bytes;
+    if (__builtin_mul_overflow(nmemb, size, &bytes)) {
+      errno = ENOMEM;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return malloc(bytes);
+}

app/src/util/memory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef SC_MEMORY_H
+#define SC_MEMORY_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/* Like calloc(), but without initialization.
+ * Like reallocarray(), but without reallocation.
+ */
+void *
+sc_allocarray(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
+
+#endif

app/src/util/queue.h

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// generic intrusive FIFO queue
-#ifndef SC_QUEUE_H
-#define SC_QUEUE_H
-
-#include "common.h"
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-// To define a queue type of "struct foo":
-//    struct queue_foo QUEUE(struct foo);
-#define SC_QUEUE(TYPE) { \
-    TYPE *first; \
-    TYPE *last; \
-}
-
-#define sc_queue_init(PQ) \
-    (void) ((PQ)->first = (PQ)->last = NULL)
-
-#define sc_queue_is_empty(PQ) \
-    !(PQ)->first
-
-// NEXTFIELD is the field in the ITEM type used for intrusive linked-list
-//
-// For example:
-//    struct foo {
-//        int value;
-//        struct foo *next;
-//    };
-//
-//    // define the type "struct my_queue"
-//    struct my_queue SC_QUEUE(struct foo);
-//
-//    struct my_queue queue;
-//    sc_queue_init(&queue);
-//
-//    struct foo v1 = { .value = 42 };
-//    struct foo v2 = { .value = 27 };
-//
-//    sc_queue_push(&queue, next, v1);
-//    sc_queue_push(&queue, next, v2);
-//
-//    struct foo *foo;
-//    sc_queue_take(&queue, next, &foo);
-//    assert(foo->value == 42);
-//    sc_queue_take(&queue, next, &foo);
-//    assert(foo->value == 27);
-//    assert(sc_queue_is_empty(&queue));
-//
-
-// push a new item into the queue
-#define sc_queue_push(PQ, NEXTFIELD, ITEM) \
-    (void) ({ \
-        (ITEM)->NEXTFIELD = NULL; \
-        if (sc_queue_is_empty(PQ)) { \
-            (PQ)->first = (PQ)->last = (ITEM); \
-        } else { \
-            (PQ)->last->NEXTFIELD = (ITEM); \
-            (PQ)->last = (ITEM); \
-        } \
-    })
-
-// take the next item and remove it from the queue (the queue must not be empty)
-// the result is stored in *(PITEM)
-// (without typeof(), we could not store a local variable having the correct
-// type so that we can "return" it)
-#define sc_queue_take(PQ, NEXTFIELD, PITEM) \
-    (void) ({ \
-        assert(!sc_queue_is_empty(PQ)); \
-        *(PITEM) = (PQ)->first; \
-        (PQ)->first = (PQ)->first->NEXTFIELD; \
-    })
-    // no need to update (PQ)->last if the queue is left empty:
-    // (PQ)->last is undefined if !(PQ)->first anyway
-
-#endif

app/src/util/vecdeque.h

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+#ifndef SC_VECDEQUE_H
+#define SC_VECDEQUE_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+/**
+ * A double-ended queue implemented with a growable ring buffer.
+ *
+ * Inspired from the Rust VecDeque type:
+ * <https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.VecDeque.html>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * VecDeque struct body
+ *
+ * A VecDeque is a dynamic ring-buffer, managed by the sc_vecdeque_* helpers.
+ *
+ * It is generic over the type of its items, so it is implemented via macros.
+ *
+ * To use a VecDeque, a new type must be defined:
+ *
+ *     struct vecdeque_int SC_VECDEQUE(int);
+ *
+ * The struct may be anonymous:
+ *
+ *     struct SC_VECDEQUE(const char *) names;
+ *
+ * Functions and macros having name ending with '_' are private.
+ */
+#define SC_VECDEQUE(type) { \
+    size_t cap; \
+    size_t origin; \
+    size_t size; \
+    type *data; \
+}
+
+/**
+ * Static initializer for a VecDeque
+ */
+#define SC_VECDEQUE_INITIALIZER { 0, 0, 0, NULL }
+
+/**
+ * Initialize an empty VecDeque
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_init(pv) \
+({ \
+    (pv)->data = NULL; \
+    (pv)->cap = 0; \
+    (pv)->origin = 0; \
+    (pv)->size = 0; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Destroy a VecDeque
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_destroy(pv) \
+    free((pv)->data)
+
+/**
+ * Clear a VecDeque
+ *
+ * Remove all items.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_clear(pv) \
+(void) ({ \
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(pv); \
+    sc_vecdeque_init(pv); \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Returns the content size
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_size(pv) \
+    (pv)->size
+
+/**
+ * Return whether the VecDeque is empty (i.e. its size is 0)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_is_empty(pv) \
+    ((pv)->size == 0)
+
+/**
+ * Return whether the VecDeque is full
+ *
+ * A VecDeque is full when its size equals its current capacity. However, it
+ * does not prevent to push a new item (with sc_vecdeque_push()), since this
+ * will increase its capacity.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_is_full(pv) \
+    ((pv)->size == (pv)->cap)
+
+/**
+ * The minimal allocation size, in number of items
+ *
+ * Private.
+ */
+#define SC_VECDEQUE_MINCAP_ ((size_t) 10)
+
+/**
+ * The maximal allocation size, in number of items
+ *
+ * Use SIZE_MAX/2 to fit in ssize_t, and so that cap*1.5 does not overflow.
+ *
+ * Private.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv) (SIZE_MAX / 2 / sizeof(*(pv)->data))
+
+/**
+ * Realloc the internal array to a specific capacity
+ *
+ * On reallocation success, update the VecDeque capacity (`*pcap`) and origin
+ * (`*porigin`), and return the reallocated data.
+ *
+ * On reallocation failure, return NULL without any change.
+ *
+ * Private.
+ *
+ * \param ptr the current `data` field of the SC_VECDEQUE to realloc
+ * \param newcap the requested capacity, in number of items
+ * \param item_size the size of one item (the generic type is unknown from this
+ *                  function)
+ * \param pcap a pointer to the `cap` field of the SC_VECDEQUE [IN/OUT]
+ * \param porigin a pointer to pv->origin (will be read and updated)
+ * \param size the `size` field of the SC_VECDEQUE
+ * \return the new array to assign to the `data` field of the SC_VECDEQUE (if
+ *         not NULL)
+ */
+static inline void *
+sc_vecdeque_reallocdata_(void *ptr, size_t newcap, size_t item_size,
+                         size_t *pcap, size_t *porigin, size_t size) {
+
+    size_t oldcap = *pcap;
+    size_t oldorigin = *porigin;
+
+    assert(newcap > oldcap); // Could only grow
+
+    if (oldorigin + size <= oldcap) {
+        // The current content will stay in place, just realloc
+        //
+        // As an example, here is the content of a ring-buffer (oldcap=10)
+        // before the realloc:
+        //
+        //     _ _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 _ _
+        //         ^
+        //         origin
+        //
+        // It is resized (newcap=15), e.g. with sc_vecdeque_reserve():
+        //
+        //     _ _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
+        //         ^
+        //         origin
+
+        void *newptr = reallocarray(ptr, newcap, item_size);
+        if (!newptr) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        *pcap = newcap;
+        return newptr;
+    }
+
+    // Copy the current content to the new array
+    //
+    // As an example, here is the content of a ring-buffer (oldcap=10) before
+    // the realloc:
+    //
+    //     5 6 7 _ _ 0 1 2 3 4
+    //               ^
+    //               origin
+    //
+    // It is resized (newcap=15), e.g. with sc_vecdeque_reserve():
+    //
+    //     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
+    //     ^
+    //     origin
+
+    assert(size);
+    void *newptr = sc_allocarray(newcap, item_size);
+    if (!newptr) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    size_t right_len = MIN(size, oldcap - oldorigin);
+    assert(right_len);
+    memcpy(newptr, ptr + (oldorigin * item_size), right_len * item_size);
+
+    if (size > right_len) {
+        memcpy(newptr + (right_len * item_size), ptr,
+               (size - right_len) * item_size);
+    }
+
+    free(ptr);
+
+    *pcap = newcap;
+    *porigin = 0;
+    return newptr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Macro to realloc the internal data to a new capacity
+ *
+ * Private.
+ *
+ * \retval true on success
+ * \retval false on allocation failure (the VecDeque is left untouched)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_realloc_(pv, newcap) \
+({ \
+    void *p = sc_vecdeque_reallocdata_((pv)->data, newcap, \
+                                       sizeof(*(pv)->data), &(pv)->cap, \
+                                       &(pv)->origin, (pv)->size); \
+    if (p) { \
+        (pv)->data = p; \
+    } \
+    (bool) p; \
+});
+
+static inline size_t
+sc_vecdeque_growsize_(size_t value)
+{
+    /* integer multiplication by 1.5 */
+    return value + (value >> 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Increase the capacity of the VecDeque to at least `mincap`
+ *
+ * \param pv a pointer to the VecDeque
+ * \param mincap (`size_t`) the requested capacity
+ * \retval true on success
+ * \retval false on allocation failure (the VecDeque is left untouched)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_reserve(pv, mincap) \
+({ \
+    assert(mincap <= sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv)); \
+    bool ok; \
+    /* avoid to allocate tiny arrays (< SC_VECDEQUE_MINCAP_) */ \
+    size_t mincap_ = MAX(mincap, SC_VECDEQUE_MINCAP_); \
+    if (mincap_ <= (pv)->cap) { \
+        /* nothing to do */ \
+        ok = true; \
+    } else if (mincap_ <= sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv)) { \
+        /* not too big */ \
+        size_t newsize = sc_vecdeque_growsize_((pv)->cap); \
+        newsize = CLAMP(newsize, mincap_, sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv)); \
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_realloc_(pv, newsize); \
+    } else { \
+        ok = false; \
+    } \
+    ok; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Automatically grow the VecDeque capacity
+ *
+ * Private.
+ *
+ * \retval true on success
+ * \retval false on allocation failure (the VecDeque is left untouched)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_grow_(pv) \
+({ \
+    bool ok; \
+    if ((pv)->cap < sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv)) { \
+        size_t newsize = sc_vecdeque_growsize_((pv)->cap); \
+        newsize = CLAMP(newsize, SC_VECDEQUE_MINCAP_, \
+                        sc_vecdeque_max_cap_(pv)); \
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_realloc_(pv, newsize); \
+    } else { \
+        ok = false; \
+    } \
+    ok; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Grow the VecDeque capacity if it is full
+ *
+ * Private.
+ *
+ * \retval true on success
+ * \retval false on allocation failure (the VecDeque is left untouched)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_grow_if_needed_(pv) \
+    (!sc_vecdeque_is_full(pv) || sc_vecdeque_grow_(pv))
+
+/**
+ * Push an uninitialized item, and return a pointer to it
+ *
+ * It does not attempt to resize the VecDeque. It is an error to this function
+ * if the VecDeque is full.
+ *
+ * This function may not fail. It returns a valid non-NULL pointer to the
+ * uninitialized item just pushed.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_push_hole_noresize(pv) \
+({ \
+    assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_full(pv)); \
+    ++(pv)->size; \
+    &(pv)->data[((pv)->origin + (pv)->size - 1) % (pv)->cap]; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Push an uninitialized item, and return a pointer to it
+ *
+ * If the VecDeque is full, it is resized.
+ *
+ * This function returns either a valid non-nULL pointer to the uninitialized
+ * item just pushed, or NULL on reallocation failure.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_push_hole(pv) \
+    (sc_vecdeque_grow_if_needed_(pv) ? \
+            sc_vecdeque_push_hole_noresize(pv) : NULL)
+
+/**
+ * Push an item
+ *
+ * It does not attempt to resize the VecDeque. It is an error to this function
+ * if the VecDeque is full.
+ *
+ * This function may not fail.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_push_noresize(pv, item) \
+(void) ({ \
+    assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_full(pv)); \
+    ++(pv)->size; \
+    (pv)->data[((pv)->origin + (pv)->size - 1) % (pv)->cap] = item; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Push an item
+ *
+ * If the VecDeque is full, it is resized.
+ *
+ * \retval true on success
+ * \retval false on allocation failure (the VecDeque is left untouched)
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_push(pv, item) \
+({ \
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_grow_if_needed_(pv); \
+    if (ok) { \
+        sc_vecdeque_push_noresize(pv, item); \
+    } \
+    ok; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Pop an item and return a pointer to it (still in the VecDeque)
+ *
+ * Returning a pointer allows the caller to destroy it in place without copy
+ * (especially if the item type is big).
+ *
+ * It is an error to call this function if the VecDeque is empty.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_popref(pv) \
+({ \
+    assert(!sc_vecdeque_is_empty(pv)); \
+    size_t pos = (pv)->origin; \
+    (pv)->origin = ((pv)->origin + 1) % (pv)->cap; \
+    --(pv)->size; \
+    &(pv)->data[pos]; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * Pop an item and returns it
+ *
+ * It is an error to call this function if the VecDeque is empty.
+ */
+#define sc_vecdeque_pop(pv) \
+    (*sc_vecdeque_popref(pv))
+
+#endif

app/src/util/vector.h

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static inline void *
 sc_vector_reallocdata_(void *ptr, size_t count, size_t size,
                         size_t *restrict pcap, size_t *restrict psize)
 {
-    void *p = realloc(ptr, count * size);
+    void *p = reallocarray(ptr, count, size);
     if (!p) {
         return NULL;
     }

app/src/v4l2_sink.c

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ run_v4l2_sink(void *data) {
         vs->has_frame = false;
         sc_mutex_unlock(&vs->mutex);
 
-        sc_video_buffer_consume(&vs->vb, vs->frame);
+        sc_frame_buffer_consume(&vs->fb, vs->frame);
 
         bool ok = encode_and_write_frame(vs, vs->frame);
         av_frame_unref(vs->frame);
@@ -141,39 +141,19 @@ run_v4l2_sink(void *data) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-sc_video_buffer_on_new_frame(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, bool previous_skipped,
-                             void *userdata) {
-    (void) vb;
-    struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs = userdata;
-
-    if (!previous_skipped) {
-        sc_mutex_lock(&vs->mutex);
-        vs->has_frame = true;
-        sc_cond_signal(&vs->cond);
-        sc_mutex_unlock(&vs->mutex);
-    }
-}
-
 static bool
-sc_v4l2_sink_open(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs) {
+sc_v4l2_sink_open(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs, const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
-    static const struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks cbs = {
+    assert(ctx->pix_fmt == AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P);
-        .on_new_frame = sc_video_buffer_on_new_frame,
+    (void) ctx;
-    };
 
-    bool ok = sc_video_buffer_init(&vs->vb, vs->buffering_time, &cbs, vs);
+    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_init(&vs->fb);
     if (!ok) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    ok = sc_video_buffer_start(&vs->vb);
-    if (!ok) {
-        goto error_video_buffer_destroy;
-    }
-
     ok = sc_mutex_init(&vs->mutex);
     if (!ok) {
-        goto error_video_buffer_stop_and_join;
+        goto error_frame_buffer_destroy;
     }
 
     ok = sc_cond_init(&vs->cond);
@@ -298,11 +278,8 @@ error_cond_destroy:
     sc_cond_destroy(&vs->cond);
 error_mutex_destroy:
     sc_mutex_destroy(&vs->mutex);
-error_video_buffer_stop_and_join:
+error_frame_buffer_destroy:
-    sc_video_buffer_stop(&vs->vb);
+    sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vs->fb);
-    sc_video_buffer_join(&vs->vb);
-error_video_buffer_destroy:
-    sc_video_buffer_destroy(&vs->vb);
 
     return false;
 }
@@ -314,10 +291,7 @@ sc_v4l2_sink_close(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs) {
     sc_cond_signal(&vs->cond);
     sc_mutex_unlock(&vs->mutex);
 
-    sc_video_buffer_stop(&vs->vb);
-
     sc_thread_join(&vs->thread, NULL);
-    sc_video_buffer_join(&vs->vb);
 
     av_packet_free(&vs->packet);
     av_frame_free(&vs->frame);
@@ -327,18 +301,31 @@ sc_v4l2_sink_close(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs) {
     avformat_free_context(vs->format_ctx);
     sc_cond_destroy(&vs->cond);
     sc_mutex_destroy(&vs->mutex);
-    sc_video_buffer_destroy(&vs->vb);
+    sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vs->fb);
 }
 
 static bool
 sc_v4l2_sink_push(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs, const AVFrame *frame) {
-    return sc_video_buffer_push(&vs->vb, frame);
+    bool previous_skipped;
+    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_push(&vs->fb, frame, &previous_skipped);
+    if (!ok) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!previous_skipped) {
+        sc_mutex_lock(&vs->mutex);
+        vs->has_frame = true;
+        sc_cond_signal(&vs->cond);
+        sc_mutex_unlock(&vs->mutex);
+    }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 static bool
-sc_v4l2_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink) {
+sc_v4l2_frame_sink_open(struct sc_frame_sink *sink, const AVCodecContext *ctx) {
     struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs = DOWNCAST(sink);
-    return sc_v4l2_sink_open(vs);
+    return sc_v4l2_sink_open(vs, ctx);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -355,7 +342,7 @@ sc_v4l2_frame_sink_push(struct sc_frame_sink *sink, const AVFrame *frame) {
 
 bool
 sc_v4l2_sink_init(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs, const char *device_name,
-                  struct sc_size frame_size, sc_tick buffering_time) {
+                  struct sc_size frame_size) {
     vs->device_name = strdup(device_name);
     if (!vs->device_name) {
         LOGE("Could not strdup v4l2 device name");
@@ -363,7 +350,6 @@ sc_v4l2_sink_init(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs, const char *device_name,
     }
 
     vs->frame_size = frame_size;
-    vs->buffering_time = buffering_time;
 
     static const struct sc_frame_sink_ops ops = {
         .open = sc_v4l2_frame_sink_open,

app/src/v4l2_sink.h

@@ -8,19 +8,18 @@
 
 #include "coords.h"
 #include "trait/frame_sink.h"
-#include "video_buffer.h"
+#include "frame_buffer.h"
 #include "util/tick.h"
 
 struct sc_v4l2_sink {
     struct sc_frame_sink frame_sink; // frame sink trait
 
-    struct sc_video_buffer vb;
+    struct sc_frame_buffer fb;
     AVFormatContext *format_ctx;
     AVCodecContext *encoder_ctx;
 
     char *device_name;
     struct sc_size frame_size;
-    sc_tick buffering_time;
 
     sc_thread thread;
     sc_mutex mutex;
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ struct sc_v4l2_sink {
 
 bool
 sc_v4l2_sink_init(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs, const char *device_name,
-                  struct sc_size frame_size, sc_tick buffering_time);
+                  struct sc_size frame_size);
 
 void
 sc_v4l2_sink_destroy(struct sc_v4l2_sink *vs);

app/src/video_buffer.c

@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-#include "video_buffer.h"
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
-#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
-
-#include "util/log.h"
-
-#define SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG // comment to debug
-
-static struct sc_video_buffer_frame *
-sc_video_buffer_frame_new(const AVFrame *frame) {
-    struct sc_video_buffer_frame *vb_frame = malloc(sizeof(*vb_frame));
-    if (!vb_frame) {
-        LOG_OOM();
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    vb_frame->frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    if (!vb_frame->frame) {
-        LOG_OOM();
-        free(vb_frame);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (av_frame_ref(vb_frame->frame, frame)) {
-        av_frame_free(&vb_frame->frame);
-        free(vb_frame);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return vb_frame;
-}
-
-static void
-sc_video_buffer_frame_delete(struct sc_video_buffer_frame *vb_frame) {
-    av_frame_unref(vb_frame->frame);
-    av_frame_free(&vb_frame->frame);
-    free(vb_frame);
-}
-
-static bool
-sc_video_buffer_offer(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, const AVFrame *frame) {
-    bool previous_skipped;
-    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_push(&vb->fb, frame, &previous_skipped);
-    if (!ok) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    vb->cbs->on_new_frame(vb, previous_skipped, vb->cbs_userdata);
-    return true;
-}
-
-static int
-run_buffering(void *data) {
-    struct sc_video_buffer *vb = data;
-
-    assert(vb->buffering_time > 0);
-
-    for (;;) {
-        sc_mutex_lock(&vb->b.mutex);
-
-        while (!vb->b.stopped && sc_queue_is_empty(&vb->b.queue)) {
-            sc_cond_wait(&vb->b.queue_cond, &vb->b.mutex);
-        }
-
-        if (vb->b.stopped) {
-            sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-            goto stopped;
-        }
-
-        struct sc_video_buffer_frame *vb_frame;
-        sc_queue_take(&vb->b.queue, next, &vb_frame);
-
-        sc_tick max_deadline = sc_tick_now() + vb->buffering_time;
-        // PTS (written by the server) are expressed in microseconds
-        sc_tick pts = SC_TICK_TO_US(vb_frame->frame->pts);
-
-        bool timed_out = false;
-        while (!vb->b.stopped && !timed_out) {
-            sc_tick deadline = sc_clock_to_system_time(&vb->b.clock, pts)
-                             + vb->buffering_time;
-            if (deadline > max_deadline) {
-                deadline = max_deadline;
-            }
-
-            timed_out =
-                !sc_cond_timedwait(&vb->b.wait_cond, &vb->b.mutex, deadline);
-        }
-
-        if (vb->b.stopped) {
-            sc_video_buffer_frame_delete(vb_frame);
-            sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-            goto stopped;
-        }
-
-        sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-
-#ifndef SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG
-        LOGD("Buffering: %" PRItick ";%" PRItick ";%" PRItick,
-             pts, vb_frame->push_date, sc_tick_now());
-#endif
-
-        sc_video_buffer_offer(vb, vb_frame->frame);
-
-        sc_video_buffer_frame_delete(vb_frame);
-    }
-
-stopped:
-    // Flush queue
-    while (!sc_queue_is_empty(&vb->b.queue)) {
-        struct sc_video_buffer_frame *vb_frame;
-        sc_queue_take(&vb->b.queue, next, &vb_frame);
-        sc_video_buffer_frame_delete(vb_frame);
-    }
-
-    LOGD("Buffering thread ended");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_init(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, sc_tick buffering_time,
-                     const struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks *cbs,
-                     void *cbs_userdata) {
-    bool ok = sc_frame_buffer_init(&vb->fb);
-    if (!ok) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    assert(buffering_time >= 0);
-    if (buffering_time) {
-        ok = sc_mutex_init(&vb->b.mutex);
-        if (!ok) {
-            sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vb->fb);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        ok = sc_cond_init(&vb->b.queue_cond);
-        if (!ok) {
-            sc_mutex_destroy(&vb->b.mutex);
-            sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vb->fb);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        ok = sc_cond_init(&vb->b.wait_cond);
-        if (!ok) {
-            sc_cond_destroy(&vb->b.queue_cond);
-            sc_mutex_destroy(&vb->b.mutex);
-            sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vb->fb);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        sc_clock_init(&vb->b.clock);
-        sc_queue_init(&vb->b.queue);
-    }
-
-    assert(cbs);
-    assert(cbs->on_new_frame);
-
-    vb->buffering_time = buffering_time;
-    vb->cbs = cbs;
-    vb->cbs_userdata = cbs_userdata;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_start(struct sc_video_buffer *vb) {
-    if (vb->buffering_time) {
-        bool ok =
-            sc_thread_create(&vb->b.thread, run_buffering, "scrcpy-vbuf", vb);
-        if (!ok) {
-            LOGE("Could not start buffering thread");
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_stop(struct sc_video_buffer *vb) {
-    if (vb->buffering_time) {
-        sc_mutex_lock(&vb->b.mutex);
-        vb->b.stopped = true;
-        sc_cond_signal(&vb->b.queue_cond);
-        sc_cond_signal(&vb->b.wait_cond);
-        sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_join(struct sc_video_buffer *vb) {
-    if (vb->buffering_time) {
-        sc_thread_join(&vb->b.thread, NULL);
-    }
-}
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_destroy(struct sc_video_buffer *vb) {
-    sc_frame_buffer_destroy(&vb->fb);
-    if (vb->buffering_time) {
-        sc_cond_destroy(&vb->b.wait_cond);
-        sc_cond_destroy(&vb->b.queue_cond);
-        sc_mutex_destroy(&vb->b.mutex);
-    }
-}
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_push(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, const AVFrame *frame) {
-    if (!vb->buffering_time) {
-        // No buffering
-        return sc_video_buffer_offer(vb, frame);
-    }
-
-    sc_mutex_lock(&vb->b.mutex);
-
-    sc_tick pts = SC_TICK_FROM_US(frame->pts);
-    sc_clock_update(&vb->b.clock, sc_tick_now(), pts);
-    sc_cond_signal(&vb->b.wait_cond);
-
-    if (vb->b.clock.count == 1) {
-        sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-        // First frame, offer it immediately, for two reasons:
-        //  - not to delay the opening of the scrcpy window
-        //  - the buffering estimation needs at least two clock points, so it
-        //  could not handle the first frame
-        return sc_video_buffer_offer(vb, frame);
-    }
-
-    struct sc_video_buffer_frame *vb_frame = sc_video_buffer_frame_new(frame);
-    if (!vb_frame) {
-        sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-        LOG_OOM();
-        return false;
-    }
-
-#ifndef SC_BUFFERING_NDEBUG
-    vb_frame->push_date = sc_tick_now();
-#endif
-    sc_queue_push(&vb->b.queue, next, vb_frame);
-    sc_cond_signal(&vb->b.queue_cond);
-
-    sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->b.mutex);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_consume(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, AVFrame *dst) {
-    sc_frame_buffer_consume(&vb->fb, dst);
-}

app/src/video_buffer.h

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef SC_VIDEO_BUFFER_H
-#define SC_VIDEO_BUFFER_H
-
-#include "common.h"
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-
-#include "clock.h"
-#include "frame_buffer.h"
-#include "util/queue.h"
-#include "util/thread.h"
-#include "util/tick.h"
-
-// forward declarations
-typedef struct AVFrame AVFrame;
-
-struct sc_video_buffer_frame {
-    AVFrame *frame;
-    struct sc_video_buffer_frame *next;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    sc_tick push_date;
-#endif
-};
-
-struct sc_video_buffer_frame_queue SC_QUEUE(struct sc_video_buffer_frame);
-
-struct sc_video_buffer {
-    struct sc_frame_buffer fb;
-
-    sc_tick buffering_time;
-
-    // only if buffering_time > 0
-    struct {
-        sc_thread thread;
-        sc_mutex mutex;
-        sc_cond queue_cond;
-        sc_cond wait_cond;
-
-        struct sc_clock clock;
-        struct sc_video_buffer_frame_queue queue;
-        bool stopped;
-    } b; // buffering
-
-    const struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks *cbs;
-    void *cbs_userdata;
-};
-
-struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks {
-    void (*on_new_frame)(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, bool previous_skipped,
-                         void *userdata);
-};
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_init(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, sc_tick buffering_time,
-                     const struct sc_video_buffer_callbacks *cbs,
-                     void *cbs_userdata);
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_start(struct sc_video_buffer *vb);
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_stop(struct sc_video_buffer *vb);
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_join(struct sc_video_buffer *vb);
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_destroy(struct sc_video_buffer *vb);
-
-bool
-sc_video_buffer_push(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, const AVFrame *frame);
-
-void
-sc_video_buffer_consume(struct sc_video_buffer *vb, AVFrame *dst);
-
-#endif

app/tests/test_bytebuf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "util/bytebuf.h"
+
+void test_bytebuf_simple(void) {
+    struct sc_bytebuf buf;
+    uint8_t data[20];
+
+    bool ok = sc_bytebuf_init(&buf, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello", sizeof("hello") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 5);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, data, 4);
+    assert(!strncmp((char *) data, "hell", 4));
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) " world", sizeof(" world") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 7);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "!", 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 8);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, &data[4], 8);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 0);
+
+    data[12] = '\0';
+    assert(!strcmp((char *) data, "hello world!"));
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 0);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_destroy(&buf);
+}
+
+void test_bytebuf_boundaries(void) {
+    struct sc_bytebuf buf;
+    uint8_t data[20];
+
+    bool ok = sc_bytebuf_init(&buf, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 6);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 12);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 18);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, data, 9);
+    assert(!strncmp((char *) data, "hello hel", 9));
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 9);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "world", sizeof("world") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 14);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "!", 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 15);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_skip(&buf, 3);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 12);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, data, 12);
+    data[12] = '\0';
+    assert(!strcmp((char *) data, "hello world!"));
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 0);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_destroy(&buf);
+}
+
+void test_bytebuf_two_steps_write(void) {
+    struct sc_bytebuf buf;
+    uint8_t data[20];
+
+    bool ok = sc_bytebuf_init(&buf, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 6);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 12);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_prepare_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "hello ", sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 12); // write not committed yet
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, data, 9);
+    assert(!strncmp((char *) data, "hello hel", 3));
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 3);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_commit_write(&buf, sizeof("hello ") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 9);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_prepare_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "world", sizeof("world") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 9); // write not committed yet
+
+    sc_bytebuf_commit_write(&buf, sizeof("world") - 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 14);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_write(&buf, (uint8_t *) "!", 1);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 15);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_skip(&buf, 3);
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 12);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_read(&buf, data, 12);
+    data[12] = '\0';
+    assert(!strcmp((char *) data, "hello world!"));
+    assert(sc_bytebuf_read_available(&buf) == 0);
+
+    sc_bytebuf_destroy(&buf);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    (void) argc;
+    (void) argv;
+
+    test_bytebuf_simple();
+    test_bytebuf_boundaries();
+    test_bytebuf_two_steps_write();
+
+    return 0;
+}

app/tests/test_cbuf.c

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.h"
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "util/cbuf.h"
-
-struct int_queue CBUF(int, 32);
-
-static void test_cbuf_empty(void) {
-    struct int_queue queue;
-    cbuf_init(&queue);
-
-    assert(cbuf_is_empty(&queue));
-
-    bool push_ok = cbuf_push(&queue, 42);
-    assert(push_ok);
-    assert(!cbuf_is_empty(&queue));
-
-    int item;
-    bool take_ok = cbuf_take(&queue, &item);
-    assert(take_ok);
-    assert(cbuf_is_empty(&queue));
-
-    bool take_empty_ok = cbuf_take(&queue, &item);
-    assert(!take_empty_ok); // the queue is empty
-}
-
-static void test_cbuf_full(void) {
-    struct int_queue queue;
-    cbuf_init(&queue);
-
-    assert(!cbuf_is_full(&queue));
-
-    // fill the queue
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
-        bool ok = cbuf_push(&queue, i);
-        assert(ok);
-    }
-    bool ok = cbuf_push(&queue, 42);
-    assert(!ok); // the queue if full
-
-    int item;
-    bool take_ok = cbuf_take(&queue, &item);
-    assert(take_ok);
-    assert(!cbuf_is_full(&queue));
-}
-
-static void test_cbuf_push_take(void) {
-    struct int_queue queue;
-    cbuf_init(&queue);
-
-    bool push1_ok = cbuf_push(&queue, 42);
-    assert(push1_ok);
-
-    bool push2_ok = cbuf_push(&queue, 35);
-    assert(push2_ok);
-
-    int item;
-
-    bool take1_ok = cbuf_take(&queue, &item);
-    assert(take1_ok);
-    assert(item == 42);
-
-    bool take2_ok = cbuf_take(&queue, &item);
-    assert(take2_ok);
-    assert(item == 35);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-    (void) argc;
-    (void) argv;
-
-    test_cbuf_empty();
-    test_cbuf_full();
-    test_cbuf_push_take();
-    return 0;
-}

app/tests/test_cli.c

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static void test_options(void) {
     char *argv[] = {
         "scrcpy",
         "--always-on-top",
-        "--bit-rate", "5M",
+        "--video-bit-rate", "5M",
         "--crop", "100:200:300:400",
         "--fullscreen",
         "--max-fps", "30",
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static void test_options(void) {
 
     const struct scrcpy_options *opts = &args.opts;
     assert(opts->always_on_top);
-    assert(opts->bit_rate == 5000000);
+    assert(opts->video_bit_rate == 5000000);
     assert(!strcmp(opts->crop, "100:200:300:400"));
     assert(opts->fullscreen);
     assert(opts->max_fps == 30);

app/tests/test_queue.c

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.h"
-
-#include <assert.h>
-
-#include "util/queue.h"
-
-struct foo {
-    int value;
-    struct foo *next;
-};
-
-static void test_queue(void) {
-    struct my_queue SC_QUEUE(struct foo) queue;
-    sc_queue_init(&queue);
-
-    assert(sc_queue_is_empty(&queue));
-
-    struct foo v1 = { .value = 42 };
-    struct foo v2 = { .value = 27 };
-
-    sc_queue_push(&queue, next, &v1);
-    sc_queue_push(&queue, next, &v2);
-
-    struct foo *foo;
-
-    assert(!sc_queue_is_empty(&queue));
-    sc_queue_take(&queue, next, &foo);
-    assert(foo->value == 42);
-
-    assert(!sc_queue_is_empty(&queue));
-    sc_queue_take(&queue, next, &foo);
-    assert(foo->value == 27);
-
-    assert(sc_queue_is_empty(&queue));
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-    (void) argc;
-    (void) argv;
-
-    test_queue();
-    return 0;
-}

app/tests/test_vecdeque.c

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "util/vecdeque.h"
+
+#define pr(pv) \
+({ \
+    fprintf(stderr, "cap=%lu origin=%lu size=%lu\n", (pv)->cap, (pv)->origin, (pv)->size); \
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < (pv)->cap; ++i) \
+        fprintf(stderr, "%d ", (pv)->data[i]); \
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n"); \
+})
+
+static void test_vecdeque_push_pop(void) {
+    struct SC_VECDEQUE(int) vdq = SC_VECDEQUE_INITIALIZER;
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&vdq));
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, 5);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 1);
+
+    ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, 12);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 2);
+
+    int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+    assert(v == 5);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 1);
+
+    ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, 7);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 2);
+
+    int *p = sc_vecdeque_popref(&vdq);
+    assert(p);
+    assert(*p == 12);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 1);
+
+    v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+    assert(v == 7);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_is_empty(&vdq));
+
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(&vdq);
+}
+
+static void test_vecdeque_reserve(void) {
+    struct SC_VECDEQUE(int) vdq = SC_VECDEQUE_INITIALIZER;
+
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_reserve(&vdq, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(vdq.cap == 20);
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, i);
+        assert(ok);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 20);
+
+    // It is now full
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i);
+    }
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 15);
+
+    for (int i = 20; i < 25; ++i) {
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, i);
+        assert(ok);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 20);
+    assert(vdq.cap == 20);
+
+    // Now, the content wraps around the ring buffer:
+    // 20 21 22 23 24  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
+    //                 ^
+    //                 origin
+
+    // It is now full, let's reserve some space
+    ok = sc_vecdeque_reserve(&vdq, 30);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(vdq.cap == 30);
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 20);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
+        // We should retrieve the items we inserted in order
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i + 5);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(&vdq);
+}
+
+static void test_vecdeque_grow() {
+    struct SC_VECDEQUE(int) vdq = SC_VECDEQUE_INITIALIZER;
+
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_reserve(&vdq, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(vdq.cap == 20);
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, i);
+        assert(ok);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 500);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 400);
+
+    for (int i = 500; i < 1000; ++i) {
+        ok = sc_vecdeque_push(&vdq, i);
+        assert(ok);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 900);
+
+    for (int i = 100; i < 1000; ++i) {
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(&vdq);
+}
+
+static void test_vecdeque_push_hole() {
+    struct SC_VECDEQUE(int) vdq = SC_VECDEQUE_INITIALIZER;
+
+    bool ok = sc_vecdeque_reserve(&vdq, 20);
+    assert(ok);
+    assert(vdq.cap == 20);
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
+        int *p = sc_vecdeque_push_hole(&vdq);
+        assert(p);
+        *p = i * 10;
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 20);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i * 10);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 10);
+
+    for (int i = 20; i < 30; ++i) {
+        int *p = sc_vecdeque_push_hole(&vdq);
+        assert(p);
+        *p = i * 10;
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 20);
+
+    for (int i = 10; i < 30; ++i) {
+        int v = sc_vecdeque_pop(&vdq);
+        assert(v == i * 10);
+    }
+
+    assert(sc_vecdeque_size(&vdq) == 0);
+
+    sc_vecdeque_destroy(&vdq);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    (void) argc;
+    (void) argv;
+
+    test_vecdeque_push_pop();
+    test_vecdeque_reserve();
+    test_vecdeque_grow();
+    test_vecdeque_push_hole();
+
+    return 0;
+}

build.gradle

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ buildscript {
         mavenCentral()
     }
     dependencies {
-        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.2'
+        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.0'
 
         // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
         // in the individual module build.gradle files

cross_win32.txt

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ endian = 'little'
 ffmpeg_avcodec = 'avcodec-58'
 ffmpeg_avformat = 'avformat-58'
 ffmpeg_avutil = 'avutil-56'
+ffmpeg_swresample = 'swresample-3'
 prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-win32-4.3.1'
 prebuilt_sdl2 = 'SDL2-2.26.1/i686-w64-mingw32'
 prebuilt_libusb_root = 'libusb-1.0.26'

cross_win64.txt

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ endian = 'little'
 ffmpeg_avcodec = 'avcodec-59'
 ffmpeg_avformat = 'avformat-59'
 ffmpeg_avutil = 'avutil-57'
+ffmpeg_swresample = 'swresample-4'
 prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-win64-5.1.2'
 prebuilt_sdl2 = 'SDL2-2.26.1/x86_64-w64-mingw32'
 prebuilt_libusb_root = 'libusb-1.0.26'

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.3.3-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-all.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

server/build.gradle

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
 
 android {
+    namespace 'com.genymobile.scrcpy'
     compileSdkVersion 33
     defaultConfig {
         applicationId "com.genymobile.scrcpy"

server/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 <!-- not a real Android application, it is run by app_process manually -->
-<manifest package="com.genymobile.scrcpy"/>
+<manifest />

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/AudioCodec.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import android.media.MediaFormat;
+
+public enum AudioCodec implements Codec {
+    OPUS(0x6f_70_75_73, "opus", MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_OPUS),
+    AAC(0x00_61_61_63, "aac", MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC);
+
+    private final int id; // 4-byte ASCII representation of the name
+    private final String name;
+    private final String mimeType;
+
+    AudioCodec(int id, String name, String mimeType) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+        this.mimeType = mimeType;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Type getType() {
+        return Type.AUDIO;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getMimeType() {
+        return mimeType;
+    }
+
+    public static AudioCodec findByName(String name) {
+        for (AudioCodec codec : values()) {
+            if (codec.name.equals(name)) {
+                return codec;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/AudioEncoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.ServiceManager;
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.media.AudioFormat;
+import android.media.AudioRecord;
+import android.media.AudioTimestamp;
+import android.media.MediaCodec;
+import android.media.MediaFormat;
+import android.media.MediaRecorder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+
+public final class AudioEncoder {
+
+    private static class InputTask {
+        private final int index;
+
+        InputTask(int index) {
+            this.index = index;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class OutputTask {
+        private final int index;
+        private final MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo;
+
+        OutputTask(int index, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) {
+            this.index = index;
+            this.bufferInfo = bufferInfo;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final int SAMPLE_RATE = 48000;
+    private static final int CHANNEL_CONFIG = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;
+    private static final int CHANNELS = 2;
+    private static final int FORMAT = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
+    private static final int BYTES_PER_SAMPLE = 2;
+
+    private static final int BUFFER_MS = 5; // milliseconds
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = SAMPLE_RATE * CHANNELS * BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * BUFFER_MS / 1000;
+
+    private final Streamer streamer;
+    private final int bitRate;
+    private final List<CodecOption> codecOptions;
+    private final String encoderName;
+
+    // Capacity of 64 is in practice "infinite" (it is limited by the number of available MediaCodec buffers, typically 4).
+    // So many pending tasks would lead to an unacceptable delay anyway.
+    private final BlockingQueue<InputTask> inputTasks = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(64);
+    private final BlockingQueue<OutputTask> outputTasks = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(64);
+
+    private Thread thread;
+    private HandlerThread mediaCodecThread;
+
+    private Thread inputThread;
+    private Thread outputThread;
+
+    private boolean ended;
+
+    public AudioEncoder(Streamer streamer, int bitRate, List<CodecOption> codecOptions, String encoderName) {
+        this.streamer = streamer;
+        this.bitRate = bitRate;
+        this.codecOptions = codecOptions;
+        this.encoderName = encoderName;
+    }
+
+    private static AudioFormat createAudioFormat() {
+        AudioFormat.Builder builder = new AudioFormat.Builder();
+        builder.setEncoding(FORMAT);
+        builder.setSampleRate(SAMPLE_RATE);
+        builder.setChannelMask(CHANNEL_CONFIG);
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
+    @SuppressLint({"WrongConstant", "MissingPermission"})
+    private static AudioRecord createAudioRecord() {
+        AudioRecord.Builder builder = new AudioRecord.Builder();
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+            // On older APIs, Workarounds.fillAppInfo() must be called beforehand
+            builder.setContext(FakeContext.get());
+        }
+        builder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.REMOTE_SUBMIX);
+        builder.setAudioFormat(createAudioFormat());
+        int minBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(SAMPLE_RATE, CHANNEL_CONFIG, FORMAT);
+        builder.setBufferSizeInBytes(minBufferSize);
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    private static MediaFormat createFormat(String mimeType, int bitRate, List<CodecOption> codecOptions) {
+        MediaFormat format = new MediaFormat();
+        format.setString(MediaFormat.KEY_MIME, mimeType);
+        format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, bitRate);
+        format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_CHANNEL_COUNT, CHANNELS);
+        format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_SAMPLE_RATE, SAMPLE_RATE);
+
+        if (codecOptions != null) {
+            for (CodecOption option : codecOptions) {
+                String key = option.getKey();
+                Object value = option.getValue();
+                CodecUtils.setCodecOption(format, key, value);
+                Ln.d("Audio codec option set: " + key + " (" + value.getClass().getSimpleName() + ") = " + value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return format;
+    }
+
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
+    private void inputThread(MediaCodec mediaCodec, AudioRecord recorder) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final AudioTimestamp timestamp = new AudioTimestamp();
+        long previousPts = 0;
+        long nextPts = 0;
+
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+            InputTask task = inputTasks.take();
+            ByteBuffer buffer = mediaCodec.getInputBuffer(task.index);
+            int r = recorder.read(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+            if (r < 0) {
+                throw new IOException("Could not read audio: " + r);
+            }
+
+            long pts;
+
+            int ret = recorder.getTimestamp(timestamp, AudioTimestamp.TIMEBASE_MONOTONIC);
+            if (ret == AudioRecord.SUCCESS) {
+                pts = timestamp.nanoTime / 1000;
+            } else {
+                if (nextPts == 0) {
+                    Ln.w("Could not get any audio timestamp");
+                }
+                // compute from previous timestamp and packet size
+                pts = nextPts;
+            }
+
+            long durationMs = r * 1000 / CHANNELS / SAMPLE_RATE;
+            nextPts = pts + durationMs;
+
+            if (previousPts != 0 && pts < previousPts) {
+                // Audio PTS may come from two sources:
+                //  - recorder.getTimestamp() if the call works;
+                //  - an estimation from the previous PTS and the packet size as a fallback.
+                //
+                // Therefore, the property that PTS are monotonically increasing is no guaranteed in corner cases, so enforce it.
+                pts = previousPts + 1;
+            }
+
+            mediaCodec.queueInputBuffer(task.index, 0, r, pts, 0);
+
+            previousPts = pts;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void outputThread(MediaCodec mediaCodec) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        streamer.writeHeader();
+
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+            OutputTask task = outputTasks.take();
+            ByteBuffer buffer = mediaCodec.getOutputBuffer(task.index);
+            try {
+                streamer.writePacket(buffer, task.bufferInfo);
+            } finally {
+                mediaCodec.releaseOutputBuffer(task.index, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start() {
+        thread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                encode();
+            } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
+                // Do not print stack trace, a user-friendly error-message has already been logged
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Ln.e("Audio encoding error", e);
+            } finally {
+                Ln.d("Audio encoder stopped");
+            }
+        });
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    public void stop() {
+        if (thread != null) {
+            // Just wake up the blocking wait from the thread, so that it properly releases all its resources and terminates
+            end();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void join() throws InterruptedException {
+        if (thread != null) {
+            thread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void end() {
+        ended = true;
+        notify();
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void waitEnded() {
+        try {
+            while (!ended) {
+                wait();
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void startWorkaroundAndroid11() {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+            // Android 11 requires Apps to be at foreground to record audio.
+            // Normally, each App has its own user ID, so Android checks whether the requesting App has the user ID that's at the foreground.
+            // But Scrcpy server is NOT an App, it's a Java application started from Android shell, so it has the same user ID (2000) with Android
+            // shell ("com.android.shell").
+            // If there is an Activity from Android shell running at foreground, then the permission system will believe Scrcpy is also in the
+            // foreground.
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
+                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+                intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
+                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, "com.android.shell.HeapDumpActivity"));
+                ServiceManager.getActivityManager().startActivityAsUserWithFeature(intent);
+                // Wait for activity to start
+                SystemClock.sleep(150);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void stopWorkaroundAndroid11() {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+            ServiceManager.getActivityManager().forceStopPackage(FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
+    public void encode() throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+            Ln.w("Audio disabled: it is not supported before Android 11");
+            streamer.writeDisableStream(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MediaCodec mediaCodec = null;
+        AudioRecord recorder = null;
+
+        boolean mediaCodecStarted = false;
+        boolean recorderStarted = false;
+        try {
+            Codec codec = streamer.getCodec();
+            mediaCodec = createMediaCodec(codec, encoderName);
+
+            mediaCodecThread = new HandlerThread("AudioEncoder");
+            mediaCodecThread.start();
+
+            MediaFormat format = createFormat(codec.getMimeType(), bitRate, codecOptions);
+            mediaCodec.setCallback(new EncoderCallback(), new Handler(mediaCodecThread.getLooper()));
+            mediaCodec.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
+
+            startWorkaroundAndroid11();
+            try {
+                recorder = createAudioRecord();
+                recorder.startRecording();
+            } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+                    Ln.e("Failed to start audio capture");
+                    Ln.e("On Android 11, it is only possible to capture in foreground, make sure that the device is unlocked when starting scrcpy.");
+                    // Continue to mirror without audio (configurationError is left to false)
+                    streamer.writeDisableStream(false);
+                    return;
+                }
+            } finally {
+                stopWorkaroundAndroid11();
+            }
+            recorderStarted = true;
+
+            final MediaCodec mediaCodecRef = mediaCodec;
+            final AudioRecord recorderRef = recorder;
+            inputThread = new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    inputThread(mediaCodecRef, recorderRef);
+                } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+                    Ln.e("Audio capture error", e);
+                } finally {
+                    end();
+                }
+            });
+
+            outputThread = new Thread(() -> {
+                try {
+                    outputThread(mediaCodecRef);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // this is expected on close
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // Broken pipe is expected on close, because the socket is closed by the client
+                    if (!IO.isBrokenPipe(e)) {
+                        Ln.e("Audio encoding error", e);
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    end();
+                }
+            });
+
+            mediaCodec.start();
+            mediaCodecStarted = true;
+            inputThread.start();
+            outputThread.start();
+
+            waitEnded();
+        } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
+            // Notify the error to make scrcpy exit
+            streamer.writeDisableStream(true);
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            // Notify the client that the audio could not be captured
+            streamer.writeDisableStream(false);
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            // Cleanup everything (either at the end or on error at any step of the initialization)
+            if (mediaCodecThread != null) {
+                Looper looper = mediaCodecThread.getLooper();
+                if (looper != null) {
+                    looper.quitSafely();
+                }
+            }
+            if (inputThread != null) {
+                inputThread.interrupt();
+            }
+            if (outputThread != null) {
+                outputThread.interrupt();
+            }
+
+            try {
+                if (mediaCodecThread != null) {
+                    mediaCodecThread.join();
+                }
+                if (inputThread != null) {
+                    inputThread.join();
+                }
+                if (outputThread != null) {
+                    outputThread.join();
+                }
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // Should never happen
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+
+            if (mediaCodec != null) {
+                if (mediaCodecStarted) {
+                    mediaCodec.stop();
+                }
+                mediaCodec.release();
+            }
+            if (recorder != null) {
+                if (recorderStarted) {
+                    recorder.stop();
+                }
+                recorder.release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static MediaCodec createMediaCodec(Codec codec, String encoderName) throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
+        if (encoderName != null) {
+            Ln.d("Creating audio encoder by name: '" + encoderName + "'");
+            try {
+                return MediaCodec.createByCodecName(encoderName);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                Ln.e("Encoder '" + encoderName + "' for " + codec.getName() + " not found\n" + LogUtils.buildAudioEncoderListMessage());
+                throw new ConfigurationException("Unknown encoder: " + encoderName);
+            }
+        }
+        MediaCodec mediaCodec = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(codec.getMimeType());
+        Ln.d("Using audio encoder: '" + mediaCodec.getName() + "'");
+        return mediaCodec;
+    }
+
+    private class EncoderCallback extends MediaCodec.Callback {
+        @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
+        @Override
+        public void onInputBufferAvailable(MediaCodec codec, int index) {
+            try {
+                inputTasks.put(new InputTask(index));
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                end();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOutputBufferAvailable(MediaCodec codec, int index, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) {
+            try {
+                outputTasks.put(new OutputTask(index, bufferInfo));
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                end();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(MediaCodec codec, MediaCodec.CodecException e) {
+            Ln.e("MediaCodec error", e);
+            end();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onOutputFormatChanged(MediaCodec codec, MediaFormat format) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/CleanUp.java

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public final class CleanUp {
         builder.start();
     }
 
-    private static void unlinkSelf() {
+    public static void unlinkSelf() {
         try {
             new File(SERVER_PATH).delete();
         } catch (Exception e) {

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Codec.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+public interface Codec {
+
+    enum Type {
+        VIDEO,
+        AUDIO,
+    }
+
+    Type getType();
+
+    int getId();
+
+    String getName();
+
+    String getMimeType();
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/CodecUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
+import android.media.MediaCodecList;
+import android.media.MediaFormat;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class CodecUtils {
+
+    public static final class DeviceEncoder {
+        private final Codec codec;
+        private final MediaCodecInfo info;
+
+        DeviceEncoder(Codec codec, MediaCodecInfo info) {
+            this.codec = codec;
+            this.info = info;
+        }
+
+        public Codec getCodec() {
+            return codec;
+        }
+
+        public MediaCodecInfo getInfo() {
+            return info;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private CodecUtils() {
+        // not instantiable
+    }
+
+    public static void setCodecOption(MediaFormat format, String key, Object value) {
+        if (value instanceof Integer) {
+            format.setInteger(key, (Integer) value);
+        } else if (value instanceof Long) {
+            format.setLong(key, (Long) value);
+        } else if (value instanceof Float) {
+            format.setFloat(key, (Float) value);
+        } else if (value instanceof String) {
+            format.setString(key, (String) value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static MediaCodecInfo[] getEncoders(MediaCodecList codecs, String mimeType) {
+        List<MediaCodecInfo> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (MediaCodecInfo codecInfo : codecs.getCodecInfos()) {
+            if (codecInfo.isEncoder() && Arrays.asList(codecInfo.getSupportedTypes()).contains(mimeType)) {
+                result.add(codecInfo);
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toArray(new MediaCodecInfo[result.size()]);
+    }
+
+    public static List<DeviceEncoder> listVideoEncoders() {
+        List<DeviceEncoder> encoders = new ArrayList<>();
+        MediaCodecList codecs = new MediaCodecList(MediaCodecList.REGULAR_CODECS);
+        for (VideoCodec codec : VideoCodec.values()) {
+            for (MediaCodecInfo info : getEncoders(codecs, codec.getMimeType())) {
+                encoders.add(new DeviceEncoder(codec, info));
+            }
+        }
+        return encoders;
+    }
+
+    public static List<DeviceEncoder> listAudioEncoders() {
+        List<DeviceEncoder> encoders = new ArrayList<>();
+        MediaCodecList codecs = new MediaCodecList(MediaCodecList.REGULAR_CODECS);
+        for (AudioCodec codec : AudioCodec.values()) {
+            for (MediaCodecInfo info : getEncoders(codecs, codec.getMimeType())) {
+                encoders.add(new DeviceEncoder(codec, info));
+            }
+        }
+        return encoders;
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/ConfigurationException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+public class ConfigurationException extends Exception {
+    public ConfigurationException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/DesktopConnection.java

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ public final class DesktopConnection implements Closeable {
     private final LocalSocket videoSocket;
     private final FileDescriptor videoFd;
 
+    private final LocalSocket audioSocket;
+    private final FileDescriptor audioFd;
+
     private final LocalSocket controlSocket;
     private final InputStream controlInputStream;
     private final OutputStream controlOutputStream;
@@ -27,9 +30,10 @@ public final class DesktopConnection implements Closeable {
     private final ControlMessageReader reader = new ControlMessageReader();
     private final DeviceMessageWriter writer = new DeviceMessageWriter();
 
-    private DesktopConnection(LocalSocket videoSocket, LocalSocket controlSocket) throws IOException {
+    private DesktopConnection(LocalSocket videoSocket, LocalSocket audioSocket, LocalSocket controlSocket) throws IOException {
         this.videoSocket = videoSocket;
         this.controlSocket = controlSocket;
+        this.audioSocket = audioSocket;
         if (controlSocket != null) {
             controlInputStream = controlSocket.getInputStream();
             controlOutputStream = controlSocket.getOutputStream();
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ public final class DesktopConnection implements Closeable {
             controlOutputStream = null;
         }
         videoFd = videoSocket.getFileDescriptor();
+        audioFd = audioSocket != null ? audioSocket.getFileDescriptor() : null;
     }
 
     private static LocalSocket connect(String abstractName) throws IOException {
@@ -55,40 +60,50 @@ public final class DesktopConnection implements Closeable {
         return SOCKET_NAME_PREFIX + String.format("_%08x", scid);
     }
 
-    public static DesktopConnection open(int scid, boolean tunnelForward, boolean control, boolean sendDummyByte) throws IOException {
+    public static DesktopConnection open(int scid, boolean tunnelForward, boolean audio, boolean control, boolean sendDummyByte) throws IOException {
         String socketName = getSocketName(scid);
 
-        LocalSocket videoSocket;
+        LocalSocket videoSocket = null;
+        LocalSocket audioSocket = null;
         LocalSocket controlSocket = null;
-        if (tunnelForward) {
+        try {
-            try (LocalServerSocket localServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(socketName)) {
+            if (tunnelForward) {
-                videoSocket = localServerSocket.accept();
+                try (LocalServerSocket localServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(socketName)) {
-                if (sendDummyByte) {
+                    videoSocket = localServerSocket.accept();
-                    // send one byte so the client may read() to detect a connection error
+                    if (sendDummyByte) {
-                    videoSocket.getOutputStream().write(0);
+                        // send one byte so the client may read() to detect a connection error
-                }
+                        videoSocket.getOutputStream().write(0);
-                if (control) {
+                    }
-                    try {
+                    if (audio) {
+                        audioSocket = localServerSocket.accept();
+                    }
+                    if (control) {
                         controlSocket = localServerSocket.accept();
-                    } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
-                        videoSocket.close();
-                        throw e;
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            } else {
-        } else {
+                videoSocket = connect(socketName);
-            videoSocket = connect(socketName);
+                if (audio) {
-            if (control) {
+                    audioSocket = connect(socketName);
-                try {
+                }
+                if (control) {
                     controlSocket = connect(socketName);
-                } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
-                    videoSocket.close();
-                    throw e;
                 }
             }
+        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
+            if (videoSocket != null) {
+                videoSocket.close();
+            }
+            if (audioSocket != null) {
+                audioSocket.close();
+            }
+            if (controlSocket != null) {
+                controlSocket.close();
+            }
+            throw e;
         }
 
-        return new DesktopConnection(videoSocket, controlSocket);
+        return new DesktopConnection(videoSocket, audioSocket, controlSocket);
     }
 
     public void close() throws IOException {
@@ -121,6 +136,10 @@ public final class DesktopConnection implements Closeable {
         return videoFd;
     }
 
+    public FileDescriptor getAudioFd() {
+        return audioFd;
+    }
+
     public ControlMessage receiveControlMessage() throws IOException {
         ControlMessage msg = reader.next();
         while (msg == null) {

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Device.java

@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ public final class Device {
 
     private final boolean supportsInputEvents;
 
-    public Device(Options options) {
+    public Device(Options options) throws ConfigurationException {
         displayId = options.getDisplayId();
         DisplayInfo displayInfo = ServiceManager.getDisplayManager().getDisplayInfo(displayId);
         if (displayInfo == null) {
-            int[] displayIds = ServiceManager.getDisplayManager().getDisplayIds();
+            Ln.e("Display " + displayId + " not found\n" + LogUtils.buildDisplayListMessage());
-            throw new InvalidDisplayIdException(displayId, displayIds);
+            throw new ConfigurationException("Unknown display id: " + displayId);
         }
 
         int displayInfoFlags = displayInfo.getFlags();

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/FakeContext.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.AttributionSource;
+import android.content.ContextWrapper;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
+
+public final class FakeContext extends ContextWrapper {
+
+    public static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.shell";
+    public static final int ROOT_UID = 0; // Like android.os.Process.ROOT_UID, but before API 29
+
+    private static final FakeContext INSTANCE = new FakeContext();
+
+    public static FakeContext get() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    private FakeContext() {
+        super(null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPackageName() {
+        return PACKAGE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getOpPackageName() {
+        return PACKAGE_NAME;
+    }
+
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    @Override
+    public AttributionSource getAttributionSource() {
+        AttributionSource.Builder builder = new AttributionSource.Builder(Process.SHELL_UID);
+        builder.setPackageName(PACKAGE_NAME);
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/InvalidDisplayIdException.java

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
-
-public class InvalidDisplayIdException extends RuntimeException {
-
-    private final int displayId;
-    private final int[] availableDisplayIds;
-
-    public InvalidDisplayIdException(int displayId, int[] availableDisplayIds) {
-        super("There is no display having id " + displayId);
-        this.displayId = displayId;
-        this.availableDisplayIds = availableDisplayIds;
-    }
-
-    public int getDisplayId() {
-        return displayId;
-    }
-
-    public int[] getAvailableDisplayIds() {
-        return availableDisplayIds;
-    }
-}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/InvalidEncoderException.java

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
-
-import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
-
-public class InvalidEncoderException extends RuntimeException {
-
-    private final String name;
-    private final MediaCodecInfo[] availableEncoders;
-
-    public InvalidEncoderException(String name, MediaCodecInfo[] availableEncoders) {
-        super("There is no encoder having name '" + name + "'");
-        this.name = name;
-        this.availableEncoders = availableEncoders;
-    }
-
-    public String getName() {
-        return name;
-    }
-
-    public MediaCodecInfo[] getAvailableEncoders() {
-        return availableEncoders;
-    }
-}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/LogUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.DisplayManager;
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.ServiceManager;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class LogUtils {
+
+    private LogUtils() {
+        // not instantiable
+    }
+
+    public static String buildVideoEncoderListMessage() {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("List of video encoders:");
+        List<CodecUtils.DeviceEncoder> videoEncoders = CodecUtils.listVideoEncoders();
+        if (videoEncoders.isEmpty()) {
+            builder.append("\n    (none)");
+        } else {
+            for (CodecUtils.DeviceEncoder encoder : videoEncoders) {
+                builder.append("\n    --video-codec=").append(encoder.getCodec().getName());
+                builder.append(" --video-encoder='").append(encoder.getInfo().getName()).append("'");
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public static String buildAudioEncoderListMessage() {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("List of audio encoders:");
+        List<CodecUtils.DeviceEncoder> audioEncoders = CodecUtils.listAudioEncoders();
+        if (audioEncoders.isEmpty()) {
+            builder.append("\n    (none)");
+        } else {
+            for (CodecUtils.DeviceEncoder encoder : audioEncoders) {
+                builder.append("\n    --audio-codec=").append(encoder.getCodec().getName());
+                builder.append(" --audio-encoder='").append(encoder.getInfo().getName()).append("'");
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public static String buildDisplayListMessage() {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("List of displays:");
+        DisplayManager displayManager = ServiceManager.getDisplayManager();
+        int[] displayIds = displayManager.getDisplayIds();
+        if (displayIds == null || displayIds.length == 0) {
+            builder.append("\n    (none)");
+        } else {
+            for (int id : displayIds) {
+                builder.append("\n    --display=").append(id).append("    (");
+                DisplayInfo displayInfo = displayManager.getDisplayInfo(id);
+                if (displayInfo != null) {
+                    Size size = displayInfo.getSize();
+                    builder.append(size.getWidth()).append("x").append(size.getHeight());
+                } else {
+                    builder.append("size unknown");
+                }
+                builder.append(")");
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Options.java

@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ public class Options {
 
     private Ln.Level logLevel = Ln.Level.DEBUG;
     private int scid = -1; // 31-bit non-negative value, or -1
+    private boolean audio = true;
     private int maxSize;
-    private VideoCodec codec = VideoCodec.H264;
+    private VideoCodec videoCodec = VideoCodec.H264;
-    private int bitRate = 8000000;
+    private AudioCodec audioCodec = AudioCodec.OPUS;
+    private int videoBitRate = 8000000;
+    private int audioBitRate = 196000;
     private int maxFps;
     private int lockVideoOrientation = -1;
     private boolean tunnelForward;
@@ -19,14 +22,20 @@ public class Options {
     private int displayId;
     private boolean showTouches;
     private boolean stayAwake;
-    private List<CodecOption> codecOptions;
+    private List<CodecOption> videoCodecOptions;
-    private String encoderName;
+    private List<CodecOption> audioCodecOptions;
+
+    private String videoEncoder;
+    private String audioEncoder;
     private boolean powerOffScreenOnClose;
     private boolean clipboardAutosync = true;
     private boolean downsizeOnError = true;
     private boolean cleanup = true;
     private boolean powerOn = true;
 
+    private boolean listEncoders;
+    private boolean listDisplays;
+
     // Options not used by the scrcpy client, but useful to use scrcpy-server directly
     private boolean sendDeviceMeta = true; // send device name and size
     private boolean sendFrameMeta = true; // send PTS so that the client may record properly
@@ -49,6 +58,14 @@ public class Options {
         this.scid = scid;
     }
 
+    public boolean getAudio() {
+        return audio;
+    }
+
+    public void setAudio(boolean audio) {
+        this.audio = audio;
+    }
+
     public int getMaxSize() {
         return maxSize;
     }
@@ -57,20 +74,36 @@ public class Options {
         this.maxSize = maxSize;
     }
 
-    public VideoCodec getCodec() {
+    public VideoCodec getVideoCodec() {
-        return codec;
+        return videoCodec;
     }
 
-    public void setCodec(VideoCodec codec) {
+    public void setVideoCodec(VideoCodec videoCodec) {
-        this.codec = codec;
+        this.videoCodec = videoCodec;
     }
 
-    public int getBitRate() {
+    public AudioCodec getAudioCodec() {
-        return bitRate;
+        return audioCodec;
     }
 
-    public void setBitRate(int bitRate) {
+    public void setAudioCodec(AudioCodec audioCodec) {
-        this.bitRate = bitRate;
+        this.audioCodec = audioCodec;
+    }
+
+    public int getVideoBitRate() {
+        return videoBitRate;
+    }
+
+    public void setVideoBitRate(int videoBitRate) {
+        this.videoBitRate = videoBitRate;
+    }
+
+    public int getAudioBitRate() {
+        return audioBitRate;
+    }
+
+    public void setAudioBitRate(int audioBitRate) {
+        this.audioBitRate = audioBitRate;
     }
 
     public int getMaxFps() {
@@ -137,20 +170,36 @@ public class Options {
         this.stayAwake = stayAwake;
     }
 
-    public List<CodecOption> getCodecOptions() {
+    public List<CodecOption> getVideoCodecOptions() {
-        return codecOptions;
+        return videoCodecOptions;
     }
 
-    public void setCodecOptions(List<CodecOption> codecOptions) {
+    public void setVideoCodecOptions(List<CodecOption> videoCodecOptions) {
-        this.codecOptions = codecOptions;
+        this.videoCodecOptions = videoCodecOptions;
     }
 
-    public String getEncoderName() {
+    public List<CodecOption> getAudioCodecOptions() {
-        return encoderName;
+        return audioCodecOptions;
     }
 
-    public void setEncoderName(String encoderName) {
+    public void setAudioCodecOptions(List<CodecOption> audioCodecOptions) {
-        this.encoderName = encoderName;
+        this.audioCodecOptions = audioCodecOptions;
+    }
+
+    public String getVideoEncoder() {
+        return videoEncoder;
+    }
+
+    public void setVideoEncoder(String videoEncoder) {
+        this.videoEncoder = videoEncoder;
+    }
+
+    public String getAudioEncoder() {
+        return audioEncoder;
+    }
+
+    public void setAudioEncoder(String audioEncoder) {
+        this.audioEncoder = audioEncoder;
     }
 
     public void setPowerOffScreenOnClose(boolean powerOffScreenOnClose) {
@@ -193,6 +242,22 @@ public class Options {
         this.powerOn = powerOn;
     }
 
+    public boolean getListEncoders() {
+        return listEncoders;
+    }
+
+    public void setListEncoders(boolean listEncoders) {
+        this.listEncoders = listEncoders;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getListDisplays() {
+        return listDisplays;
+    }
+
+    public void setListDisplays(boolean listDisplays) {
+        this.listDisplays = listDisplays;
+    }
+
     public boolean getSendDeviceMeta() {
         return sendDeviceMeta;
     }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/ScreenEncoder.java

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers.SurfaceControl;
 import android.graphics.Rect;
 import android.media.MediaCodec;
 import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
-import android.media.MediaCodecList;
 import android.media.MediaFormat;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -14,17 +13,11 @@ import android.view.Surface;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
 
-    public interface Callbacks {
-        void onPacket(ByteBuffer codecBuffer, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) throws IOException;
-    }
-
     private static final int DEFAULT_I_FRAME_INTERVAL = 10; // seconds
     private static final int REPEAT_FRAME_DELAY_US = 100_000; // repeat after 100ms
     private static final String KEY_MAX_FPS_TO_ENCODER = "max-fps-to-encoder";
@@ -35,19 +28,22 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
 
     private final AtomicBoolean rotationChanged = new AtomicBoolean();
 
-    private final String videoMimeType;
+    private final Device device;
+    private final Streamer streamer;
     private final String encoderName;
     private final List<CodecOption> codecOptions;
-    private final int bitRate;
+    private final int videoBitRate;
     private final int maxFps;
     private final boolean downsizeOnError;
 
     private boolean firstFrameSent;
     private int consecutiveErrors;
 
-    public ScreenEncoder(String videoMimeType, int bitRate, int maxFps, List<CodecOption> codecOptions, String encoderName, boolean downsizeOnError) {
+    public ScreenEncoder(Device device, Streamer streamer, int videoBitRate, int maxFps, List<CodecOption> codecOptions, String encoderName,
-        this.videoMimeType = videoMimeType;
+            boolean downsizeOnError) {
-        this.bitRate = bitRate;
+        this.device = device;
+        this.streamer = streamer;
+        this.videoBitRate = videoBitRate;
         this.maxFps = maxFps;
         this.codecOptions = codecOptions;
         this.encoderName = encoderName;
@@ -63,11 +59,15 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
         return rotationChanged.getAndSet(false);
     }
 
-    public void streamScreen(Device device, Callbacks callbacks) throws IOException {
+    public void streamScreen() throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
-        MediaCodec codec = createCodec(videoMimeType, encoderName);
+        Codec codec = streamer.getCodec();
-        MediaFormat format = createFormat(videoMimeType, bitRate, maxFps, codecOptions);
+        MediaCodec mediaCodec = createMediaCodec(codec, encoderName);
+        MediaFormat format = createFormat(codec.getMimeType(), videoBitRate, maxFps, codecOptions);
         IBinder display = createDisplay();
         device.setRotationListener(this);
+
+        streamer.writeHeader();
+
         boolean alive;
         try {
             do {
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
 
                 Surface surface = null;
                 try {
-                    codec.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
+                    mediaCodec.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
-                    surface = codec.createInputSurface();
+                    surface = mediaCodec.createInputSurface();
 
                     // does not include the locked video orientation
                     Rect unlockedVideoRect = screenInfo.getUnlockedVideoSize().toRect();
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
                     int layerStack = device.getLayerStack();
                     setDisplaySurface(display, surface, videoRotation, contentRect, unlockedVideoRect, layerStack);
 
-                    codec.start();
+                    mediaCodec.start();
 
-                    alive = encode(codec, callbacks);
+                    alive = encode(mediaCodec, streamer);
                     // do not call stop() on exception, it would trigger an IllegalStateException
-                    codec.stop();
+                    mediaCodec.stop();
                 } catch (IllegalStateException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
                     Ln.e("Encoding error: " + e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage());
                     if (!prepareRetry(device, screenInfo)) {
@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
                     Ln.i("Retrying...");
                     alive = true;
                 } finally {
-                    codec.reset();
+                    mediaCodec.reset();
                     if (surface != null) {
                         surface.release();
                     }
                 }
             } while (alive);
         } finally {
-            codec.release();
+            mediaCodec.release();
             device.setRotationListener(null);
             SurfaceControl.destroyDisplay(display);
         }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    private boolean encode(MediaCodec codec, Callbacks callbacks) throws IOException {
+    private boolean encode(MediaCodec codec, Streamer streamer) throws IOException {
         boolean eof = false;
         MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo = new MediaCodec.BufferInfo();
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
                         consecutiveErrors = 0;
                     }
 
-                    callbacks.onPacket(codecBuffer, bufferInfo);
+                    streamer.writePacket(codecBuffer, bufferInfo);
                 }
             } finally {
                 if (outputBufferId >= 0) {
@@ -196,47 +196,19 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
         return !eof;
     }
 
-    private static MediaCodecInfo[] listEncoders(String videoMimeType) {
+    private static MediaCodec createMediaCodec(Codec codec, String encoderName) throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
-        List<MediaCodecInfo> result = new ArrayList<>();
-        MediaCodecList list = new MediaCodecList(MediaCodecList.REGULAR_CODECS);
-        for (MediaCodecInfo codecInfo : list.getCodecInfos()) {
-            if (codecInfo.isEncoder() && Arrays.asList(codecInfo.getSupportedTypes()).contains(videoMimeType)) {
-                result.add(codecInfo);
-            }
-        }
-        return result.toArray(new MediaCodecInfo[result.size()]);
-    }
-
-    private static MediaCodec createCodec(String videoMimeType, String encoderName) throws IOException {
         if (encoderName != null) {
             Ln.d("Creating encoder by name: '" + encoderName + "'");
             try {
                 return MediaCodec.createByCodecName(encoderName);
             } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-                MediaCodecInfo[] encoders = listEncoders(videoMimeType);
+                Ln.e("Encoder '" + encoderName + "' for " + codec.getName() + " not found\n" + LogUtils.buildVideoEncoderListMessage());
-                throw new InvalidEncoderException(encoderName, encoders);
+                throw new ConfigurationException("Unknown encoder: " + encoderName);
             }
         }
-        MediaCodec codec = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(videoMimeType);
+        MediaCodec mediaCodec = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(codec.getMimeType());
-        Ln.d("Using encoder: '" + codec.getName() + "'");
+        Ln.d("Using encoder: '" + mediaCodec.getName() + "'");
-        return codec;
+        return mediaCodec;
-    }
-
-    private static void setCodecOption(MediaFormat format, CodecOption codecOption) {
-        String key = codecOption.getKey();
-        Object value = codecOption.getValue();
-
-        if (value instanceof Integer) {
-            format.setInteger(key, (Integer) value);
-        } else if (value instanceof Long) {
-            format.setLong(key, (Long) value);
-        } else if (value instanceof Float) {
-            format.setFloat(key, (Float) value);
-        } else if (value instanceof String) {
-            format.setString(key, (String) value);
-        }
-
-        Ln.d("Codec option set: " + key + " (" + value.getClass().getSimpleName() + ") = " + value);
     }
 
     private static MediaFormat createFormat(String videoMimeType, int bitRate, int maxFps, List<CodecOption> codecOptions) {
@@ -258,7 +230,10 @@ public class ScreenEncoder implements Device.RotationListener {
 
         if (codecOptions != null) {
             for (CodecOption option : codecOptions) {
-                setCodecOption(format, option);
+                String key = option.getKey();
+                Object value = option.getValue();
+                CodecUtils.setCodecOption(format, key, value);
+                Ln.d("Video codec option set: " + key + " (" + value.getClass().getSimpleName() + ") = " + value);
             }
         }
 

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Server.java

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
 import android.graphics.Rect;
-import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
 import android.os.BatteryManager;
 import android.os.Build;
 
@@ -59,41 +58,47 @@ public final class Server {
         }
     }
 
-    private static void scrcpy(Options options) throws IOException {
+    private static void scrcpy(Options options) throws IOException, ConfigurationException {
         Ln.i("Device: " + Build.MANUFACTURER + " " + Build.MODEL + " (Android " + Build.VERSION.RELEASE + ")");
         final Device device = new Device(options);
-        List<CodecOption> codecOptions = options.getCodecOptions();
 
         Thread initThread = startInitThread(options);
 
         int scid = options.getScid();
         boolean tunnelForward = options.isTunnelForward();
         boolean control = options.getControl();
+        boolean audio = options.getAudio();
         boolean sendDummyByte = options.getSendDummyByte();
 
         Workarounds.prepareMainLooper();
-        if (Build.BRAND.equalsIgnoreCase("meizu")) {
+
-            // Workarounds must be applied for Meizu phones:
+        // Workarounds must be applied for Meizu phones:
-            //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/240>
+        //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/240>
-            //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/365>
+        //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/365>
-            //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/2656>
+        //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/2656>
-            //
+        //
-            // But only apply when strictly necessary, since workarounds can cause other issues:
+        // But only apply when strictly necessary, since workarounds can cause other issues:
-            //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/940>
+        //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/940>
-            //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/994>
+        //  - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/994>
+        boolean mustFillAppInfo = Build.BRAND.equalsIgnoreCase("meizu");
+
+        // Before Android 11, audio is not supported.
+        // Since Android 12, we can properly set a context on the AudioRecord.
+        // Only on Android 11 we must fill app info for the AudioRecord to work.
+        mustFillAppInfo |= audio && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.R;
+
+        if (mustFillAppInfo) {
             Workarounds.fillAppInfo();
         }
 
         Controller controller = null;
+        AudioEncoder audioEncoder = null;
 
-        try (DesktopConnection connection = DesktopConnection.open(scid, tunnelForward, control, sendDummyByte)) {
+        try (DesktopConnection connection = DesktopConnection.open(scid, tunnelForward, audio, control, sendDummyByte)) {
-            VideoCodec codec = options.getCodec();
             if (options.getSendDeviceMeta()) {
                 Size videoSize = device.getScreenInfo().getVideoSize();
                 connection.sendDeviceMeta(Device.getDeviceName(), videoSize.getWidth(), videoSize.getHeight());
             }
-            ScreenEncoder screenEncoder = new ScreenEncoder(codec.getMimeType(), options.getBitRate(), options.getMaxFps(), codecOptions,
-                    options.getEncoderName(), options.getDownsizeOnError());
 
             if (control) {
                 controller = new Controller(device, connection, options.getClipboardAutosync(), options.getPowerOn());
@@ -103,13 +108,20 @@ public final class Server {
                 device.setClipboardListener(text -> controllerRef.getSender().pushClipboardText(text));
             }
 
+            if (audio) {
+                Streamer audioStreamer = new Streamer(connection.getAudioFd(), options.getAudioCodec(), options.getSendCodecId(),
+                        options.getSendFrameMeta());
+                audioEncoder = new AudioEncoder(audioStreamer, options.getAudioBitRate(), options.getAudioCodecOptions(), options.getAudioEncoder());
+                audioEncoder.start();
+            }
+
+            Streamer videoStreamer = new Streamer(connection.getVideoFd(), options.getVideoCodec(), options.getSendCodecId(),
+                    options.getSendFrameMeta());
+            ScreenEncoder screenEncoder = new ScreenEncoder(device, videoStreamer, options.getVideoBitRate(), options.getMaxFps(),
+                    options.getVideoCodecOptions(), options.getVideoEncoder(), options.getDownsizeOnError());
             try {
                 // synchronous
-                VideoStreamer videoStreamer = new VideoStreamer(connection.getVideoFd(), options.getSendFrameMeta());
+                screenEncoder.streamScreen();
-                if (options.getSendCodecId()) {
-                    videoStreamer.writeHeader(codec.getId());
-                }
-                screenEncoder.streamScreen(device, videoStreamer);
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 // Broken pipe is expected on close, because the socket is closed by the client
                 if (!IO.isBrokenPipe(e)) {
@@ -119,12 +131,18 @@ public final class Server {
         } finally {
             Ln.d("Screen streaming stopped");
             initThread.interrupt();
+            if (audioEncoder != null) {
+                audioEncoder.stop();
+            }
             if (controller != null) {
                 controller.stop();
             }
 
             try {
                 initThread.join();
+                if (audioEncoder != null) {
+                    audioEncoder.join();
+                }
                 if (controller != null) {
                     controller.join();
                 }
@@ -140,6 +158,7 @@ public final class Server {
         return thread;
     }
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("MethodLength")
     private static Options createOptions(String... args) {
         if (args.length < 1) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing client version");
@@ -173,20 +192,35 @@ public final class Server {
                     Ln.Level level = Ln.Level.valueOf(value.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
                     options.setLogLevel(level);
                     break;
-                case "codec":
+                case "audio":
-                    VideoCodec codec = VideoCodec.findByName(value);
+                    boolean audio = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
-                    if (codec == null) {
+                    options.setAudio(audio);
+                    break;
+                case "video_codec":
+                    VideoCodec videoCodec = VideoCodec.findByName(value);
+                    if (videoCodec == null) {
                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Video codec " + value + " not supported");
                     }
-                    options.setCodec(codec);
+                    options.setVideoCodec(videoCodec);
+                    break;
+                case "audio_codec":
+                    AudioCodec audioCodec = AudioCodec.findByName(value);
+                    if (audioCodec == null) {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Audio codec " + value + " not supported");
+                    }
+                    options.setAudioCodec(audioCodec);
                     break;
                 case "max_size":
                     int maxSize = Integer.parseInt(value) & ~7; // multiple of 8
                     options.setMaxSize(maxSize);
                     break;
-                case "bit_rate":
+                case "video_bit_rate":
-                    int bitRate = Integer.parseInt(value);
+                    int videoBitRate = Integer.parseInt(value);
-                    options.setBitRate(bitRate);
+                    options.setVideoBitRate(videoBitRate);
+                    break;
+                case "audio_bit_rate":
+                    int audioBitRate = Integer.parseInt(value);
+                    options.setAudioBitRate(audioBitRate);
                     break;
                 case "max_fps":
                     int maxFps = Integer.parseInt(value);
@@ -220,15 +254,23 @@ public final class Server {
                     boolean stayAwake = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
                     options.setStayAwake(stayAwake);
                     break;
-                case "codec_options":
+                case "video_codec_options":
-                    List<CodecOption> codecOptions = CodecOption.parse(value);
+                    List<CodecOption> videoCodecOptions = CodecOption.parse(value);
-                    options.setCodecOptions(codecOptions);
+                    options.setVideoCodecOptions(videoCodecOptions);
                     break;
-                case "encoder_name":
+                case "audio_codec_options":
+                    List<CodecOption> audioCodecOptions = CodecOption.parse(value);
+                    options.setAudioCodecOptions(audioCodecOptions);
+                    break;
+                case "video_encoder":
                     if (!value.isEmpty()) {
-                        options.setEncoderName(value);
+                        options.setVideoEncoder(value);
                     }
                     break;
+                case "audio_encoder":
+                    if (!value.isEmpty()) {
+                        options.setAudioEncoder(value);
+                    }
                 case "power_off_on_close":
                     boolean powerOffScreenOnClose = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
                     options.setPowerOffScreenOnClose(powerOffScreenOnClose);
@@ -249,6 +291,14 @@ public final class Server {
                     boolean powerOn = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
                     options.setPowerOn(powerOn);
                     break;
+                case "list_encoders":
+                    boolean listEncoders = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+                    options.setListEncoders(listEncoders);
+                    break;
+                case "list_displays":
+                    boolean listDisplays = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+                    options.setListDisplays(listDisplays);
+                    break;
                 case "send_device_meta":
                     boolean sendDeviceMeta = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
                     options.setSendDeviceMeta(sendDeviceMeta);
@@ -299,38 +349,35 @@ public final class Server {
         return new Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height);
     }
 
-    private static void suggestFix(Throwable e) {
-        if (e instanceof InvalidDisplayIdException) {
-            InvalidDisplayIdException idie = (InvalidDisplayIdException) e;
-            int[] displayIds = idie.getAvailableDisplayIds();
-            if (displayIds != null && displayIds.length > 0) {
-                Ln.e("Try to use one of the available display ids:");
-                for (int id : displayIds) {
-                    Ln.e("    scrcpy --display=" + id);
-                }
-            }
-        } else if (e instanceof InvalidEncoderException) {
-            InvalidEncoderException iee = (InvalidEncoderException) e;
-            MediaCodecInfo[] encoders = iee.getAvailableEncoders();
-            if (encoders != null && encoders.length > 0) {
-                Ln.e("Try to use one of the available encoders:");
-                for (MediaCodecInfo encoder : encoders) {
-                    Ln.e("    scrcpy --encoder='" + encoder.getName() + "'");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
         Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> {
             Ln.e("Exception on thread " + t, e);
-            suggestFix(e);
         });
 
         Options options = createOptions(args);
 
         Ln.initLogLevel(options.getLogLevel());
 
-        scrcpy(options);
+        if (options.getListEncoders() || options.getListDisplays()) {
+            if (options.getCleanup()) {
+                CleanUp.unlinkSelf();
+            }
+
+            if (options.getListEncoders()) {
+                Ln.i(LogUtils.buildVideoEncoderListMessage());
+                Ln.i(LogUtils.buildAudioEncoderListMessage());
+            }
+            if (options.getListDisplays()) {
+                Ln.i(LogUtils.buildDisplayListMessage());
+            }
+            // Just print the requested data, do not mirror
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            scrcpy(options);
+        } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
+            // Do not print stack trace, a user-friendly error-message has already been logged
+        }
     }
 }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Streamer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
+
+import android.media.MediaCodec;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+public final class Streamer {
+
+    private static final long PACKET_FLAG_CONFIG = 1L << 63;
+    private static final long PACKET_FLAG_KEY_FRAME = 1L << 62;
+
+    private static final long AOPUSHDR = 0x5244485355504F41L; // "AOPUSHDR" in ASCII (little-endian)
+
+    private final FileDescriptor fd;
+    private final Codec codec;
+    private final boolean sendCodecId;
+    private final boolean sendFrameMeta;
+
+    private final ByteBuffer headerBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(12);
+
+    public Streamer(FileDescriptor fd, Codec codec, boolean sendCodecId, boolean sendFrameMeta) {
+        this.fd = fd;
+        this.codec = codec;
+        this.sendCodecId = sendCodecId;
+        this.sendFrameMeta = sendFrameMeta;
+    }
+
+    public Codec getCodec() {
+        return codec;
+    }
+
+    public void writeHeader() throws IOException {
+        if (sendCodecId) {
+            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            buffer.putInt(codec.getId());
+            buffer.flip();
+            IO.writeFully(fd, buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void writeDisableStream(boolean error) throws IOException {
+        // Writing a specific code as codec-id means that the device disables the stream
+        //   code 0: it explicitly disables the stream (because it could not capture audio), scrcpy should continue mirroring video only
+        //   code 1: a configuration error occurred, scrcpy must be stopped
+        byte[] code = new byte[4];
+        if (error) {
+            code[3] = 1;
+        }
+        IO.writeFully(fd, code, 0, code.length);
+    }
+
+    public void writePacket(ByteBuffer codecBuffer, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) throws IOException {
+        if (codec == AudioCodec.OPUS) {
+            fixOpusConfigPacket(codecBuffer, bufferInfo);
+        }
+
+        if (sendFrameMeta) {
+            writeFrameMeta(fd, bufferInfo, codecBuffer.remaining());
+        }
+
+        IO.writeFully(fd, codecBuffer);
+    }
+
+    private void writeFrameMeta(FileDescriptor fd, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo, int packetSize) throws IOException {
+        headerBuffer.clear();
+
+        long ptsAndFlags;
+        if ((bufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG) != 0) {
+            ptsAndFlags = PACKET_FLAG_CONFIG; // non-media data packet
+        } else {
+            ptsAndFlags = bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs;
+            if ((bufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_KEY_FRAME) != 0) {
+                ptsAndFlags |= PACKET_FLAG_KEY_FRAME;
+            }
+        }
+
+        headerBuffer.putLong(ptsAndFlags);
+        headerBuffer.putInt(packetSize);
+        headerBuffer.flip();
+        IO.writeFully(fd, headerBuffer);
+    }
+
+    private static void fixOpusConfigPacket(ByteBuffer buffer, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) throws IOException {
+        // Here is an example of the config packet received for an OPUS stream:
+        //
+        // 00000000  41 4f 50 55 53 48 44 52  13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |AOPUSHDR........|
+        // -------------- BELOW IS THE PART WE MUST PUT AS EXTRADATA  -------------------
+        // 00000010  4f 70 75 73 48 65 61 64  01 01 38 01 80 bb 00 00  |OpusHead..8.....|
+        // 00000020  00 00 00                                          |...             |
+        // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // 00000020           41 4f 50 55 53  44 4c 59 08 00 00 00 00  |   AOPUSDLY.....|
+        // 00000030  00 00 00 a0 2e 63 00 00  00 00 00 41 4f 50 55 53  |.....c.....AOPUS|
+        // 00000040  50 52 4c 08 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 b4 c4 04 00  |PRL.............|
+        // 00000050  00 00 00                                          |...|
+        //
+        // Each "section" is prefixed by a 64-bit ID and a 64-bit length.
+        //
+        // <https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodec#CSD>
+
+        boolean isConfig = (bufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG) != 0;
+        if (!isConfig) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (buffer.remaining() < 16) {
+            throw new IOException("Not enough data in OPUS config packet");
+        }
+
+        long id = buffer.getLong();
+        if (id != AOPUSHDR) {
+            throw new IOException("OPUS header not found");
+        }
+
+        long sizeLong = buffer.getLong();
+        if (sizeLong < 0 || sizeLong >= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid block size in OPUS header: " + sizeLong);
+        }
+
+        int size = (int) sizeLong;
+        if (buffer.remaining() < size) {
+            throw new IOException("Not enough data in OPUS header (invalid size: " + size + ")");
+        }
+
+        // Set the buffer to point to the OPUS header slice
+        buffer.limit(buffer.position() + size);
+    }
+}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/VideoCodec.java

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.media.MediaFormat;
 
-public enum VideoCodec {
+public enum VideoCodec implements Codec {
     H264(0x68_32_36_34, "h264", MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC),
     H265(0x68_32_36_35, "h265", MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_HEVC),
+    @SuppressLint("InlinedApi") // introduced in API 21
     AV1(0x00_61_76_31, "av1", MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AV1);
 
     private final int id; // 4-byte ASCII representation of the name
@@ -17,10 +19,22 @@ public enum VideoCodec {
         this.mimeType = mimeType;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Type getType() {
+        return Type.VIDEO;
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public int getId() {
         return id;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public String getMimeType() {
         return mimeType;
     }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/VideoStreamer.java

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
-
-import android.media.MediaCodec;
-
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
-public final class VideoStreamer implements ScreenEncoder.Callbacks {
-
-    private static final long PACKET_FLAG_CONFIG = 1L << 63;
-    private static final long PACKET_FLAG_KEY_FRAME = 1L << 62;
-
-    private final FileDescriptor fd;
-    private final boolean sendFrameMeta;
-
-    private final ByteBuffer headerBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(12);
-
-    public VideoStreamer(FileDescriptor fd, boolean sendFrameMeta) {
-        this.fd = fd;
-        this.sendFrameMeta = sendFrameMeta;
-    }
-
-    public void writeHeader(int codecId) throws IOException {
-        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
-        buffer.putInt(codecId);
-        buffer.flip();
-        IO.writeFully(fd, buffer);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void onPacket(ByteBuffer codecBuffer, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo) throws IOException {
-        if (sendFrameMeta) {
-            writeFrameMeta(fd, bufferInfo, codecBuffer.remaining());
-        }
-
-        IO.writeFully(fd, codecBuffer);
-    }
-
-    private void writeFrameMeta(FileDescriptor fd, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bufferInfo, int packetSize) throws IOException {
-        headerBuffer.clear();
-
-        long ptsAndFlags;
-        if ((bufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG) != 0) {
-            ptsAndFlags = PACKET_FLAG_CONFIG; // non-media data packet
-        } else {
-            ptsAndFlags = bufferInfo.presentationTimeUs;
-            if ((bufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_KEY_FRAME) != 0) {
-                ptsAndFlags |= PACKET_FLAG_KEY_FRAME;
-            }
-        }
-
-        headerBuffer.putLong(ptsAndFlags);
-        headerBuffer.putInt(packetSize);
-        headerBuffer.flip();
-        IO.writeFully(fd, headerBuffer);
-    }
-}

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Workarounds.java

@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@ package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.app.Application;
-import android.app.Instrumentation;
+import android.content.ContextWrapper;
-import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.os.Looper;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class Workarounds {
     private Workarounds() {
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ public final class Workarounds {
             Object appBindData = appBindDataConstructor.newInstance();
 
             ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-            applicationInfo.packageName = "com.genymobile.scrcpy";
+            applicationInfo.packageName = FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME;
 
             // appBindData.appInfo = applicationInfo;
             Field appInfoField = appBindDataClass.getDeclaredField("appInfo");
@@ -62,11 +60,10 @@ public final class Workarounds {
             mBoundApplicationField.setAccessible(true);
             mBoundApplicationField.set(activityThread, appBindData);
 
-            // Context ctx = activityThread.getSystemContext();
+            Application app = Application.class.newInstance();
-            Method getSystemContextMethod = activityThreadClass.getDeclaredMethod("getSystemContext");
+            Field baseField = ContextWrapper.class.getDeclaredField("mBase");
-            Context ctx = (Context) getSystemContextMethod.invoke(activityThread);
+            baseField.setAccessible(true);
-
+            baseField.set(app, FakeContext.get());
-            Application app = Instrumentation.newApplication(Application.class, ctx);
 
             // activityThread.mInitialApplication = app;
             Field mInitialApplicationField = activityThreadClass.getDeclaredField("mInitialApplication");

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ActivityManager.java

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers;
 
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.FakeContext;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.IInterface;
 
@@ -10,12 +16,15 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
+@SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
 public class ActivityManager {
 
     private final IInterface manager;
     private Method getContentProviderExternalMethod;
     private boolean getContentProviderExternalMethodNewVersion = true;
     private Method removeContentProviderExternalMethod;
+    private Method startActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod;
+    private Method forceStopPackageMethod;
 
     public ActivityManager(IInterface manager) {
         this.manager = manager;
@@ -42,16 +51,17 @@ public class ActivityManager {
         return removeContentProviderExternalMethod;
     }
 
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     private ContentProvider getContentProviderExternal(String name, IBinder token) {
         try {
             Method method = getGetContentProviderExternalMethod();
             Object[] args;
             if (getContentProviderExternalMethodNewVersion) {
                 // new version
-                args = new Object[]{name, ServiceManager.USER_ID, token, null};
+                args = new Object[]{name, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, token, null};
             } else {
                 // old version
-                args = new Object[]{name, ServiceManager.USER_ID, token};
+                args = new Object[]{name, FakeContext.ROOT_UID, token};
             }
             // ContentProviderHolder providerHolder = getContentProviderExternal(...);
             Object providerHolder = method.invoke(manager, args);
@@ -84,4 +94,55 @@ public class ActivityManager {
     public ContentProvider createSettingsProvider() {
         return getContentProviderExternal("settings", new Binder());
     }
+
+    private Method getStartActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        if (startActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod == null) {
+            Class<?> iApplicationThreadClass = Class.forName("android.app.IApplicationThread");
+            Class<?> profilerInfo = Class.forName("android.app.ProfilerInfo");
+            startActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod = manager.getClass()
+                    .getMethod("startActivityAsUserWithFeature", iApplicationThreadClass, String.class, String.class, Intent.class, String.class,
+                            IBinder.class, String.class, int.class, int.class, profilerInfo, Bundle.class, int.class);
+        }
+        return startActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
+    public int startActivityAsUserWithFeature(Intent intent) {
+        try {
+            Method method = getStartActivityAsUserWithFeatureMethod();
+            return (int) method.invoke(
+                    /* this */ manager,
+                    /* caller */ null,
+                    /* callingPackage */ FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME,
+                    /* callingFeatureId */ null,
+                    /* intent */ intent,
+                    /* resolvedType */ null,
+                    /* resultTo */ null,
+                    /* resultWho */ null,
+                    /* requestCode */ 0,
+                    /* startFlags */ 0,
+                    /* profilerInfo */ null,
+                    /* bOptions */ null,
+                    /* userId */ /* UserHandle.USER_CURRENT */ -2);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Method getForceStopPackageMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+        if (forceStopPackageMethod == null) {
+            forceStopPackageMethod = manager.getClass().getMethod("forceStopPackage", String.class, int.class);
+        }
+        return forceStopPackageMethod;
+    }
+
+    public void forceStopPackage(String packageName) {
+        try {
+            Method method = getForceStopPackageMethod();
+            method.invoke(manager, packageName, /* userId */ /* UserHandle.USER_CURRENT */ -2);
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
+        }
+    }
 }

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ClipboardManager.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers;
 
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.FakeContext;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 
 import android.content.ClipData;
@@ -58,22 +59,22 @@ public class ClipboardManager {
     private static ClipData getPrimaryClip(Method method, boolean alternativeMethod, IInterface manager)
             throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
-            return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME);
+            return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
         }
         if (alternativeMethod) {
-            return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, null, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+            return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         }
-        return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+        return (ClipData) method.invoke(manager, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
     }
 
     private static void setPrimaryClip(Method method, boolean alternativeMethod, IInterface manager, ClipData clipData)
             throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
-            method.invoke(manager, clipData, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME);
+            method.invoke(manager, clipData, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
         } else if (alternativeMethod) {
-            method.invoke(manager, clipData, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, null, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+            method.invoke(manager, clipData, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         } else {
-            method.invoke(manager, clipData, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+            method.invoke(manager, clipData, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         }
     }
 
@@ -106,11 +107,11 @@ public class ClipboardManager {
     private static void addPrimaryClipChangedListener(Method method, boolean alternativeMethod, IInterface manager,
             IOnPrimaryClipChangedListener listener) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
-            method.invoke(manager, listener, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME);
+            method.invoke(manager, listener, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME);
         } else if (alternativeMethod) {
-            method.invoke(manager, listener, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, null, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+            method.invoke(manager, listener, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         } else {
-            method.invoke(manager, listener, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+            method.invoke(manager, listener, FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         }
     }
 

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ContentProvider.java

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy.wrappers;
 
+import com.genymobile.scrcpy.FakeContext;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.Ln;
 import com.genymobile.scrcpy.SettingsException;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.content.AttributionSource;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 
@@ -51,11 +54,10 @@ public class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
     @SuppressLint("PrivateApi")
     private Method getCallMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException {
         if (callMethod == null) {
-            try {
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
-                Class<?> attributionSourceClass = Class.forName("android.content.AttributionSource");
+                callMethod = provider.getClass().getMethod("call", AttributionSource.class, String.class, String.class, String.class, Bundle.class);
-                callMethod = provider.getClass().getMethod("call", attributionSourceClass, String.class, String.class, String.class, Bundle.class);
                 callMethodVersion = 0;
-            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | ClassNotFoundException e0) {
+            } else {
                 // old versions
                 try {
                     callMethod = provider.getClass()
@@ -75,40 +77,29 @@ public class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
         return callMethod;
     }
 
-    @SuppressLint("PrivateApi")
-    private Object getAttributionSource()
-            throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
-        if (attributionSource == null) {
-            Class<?> cl = Class.forName("android.content.AttributionSource$Builder");
-            Object builder = cl.getConstructor(int.class).newInstance(ServiceManager.USER_ID);
-            cl.getDeclaredMethod("setPackageName", String.class).invoke(builder, ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME);
-            attributionSource = cl.getDeclaredMethod("build").invoke(builder);
-        }
-
-        return attributionSource;
-    }
-
     private Bundle call(String callMethod, String arg, Bundle extras)
-            throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+            throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
         try {
             Method method = getCallMethod();
             Object[] args;
-            switch (callMethodVersion) {
+
-                case 0:
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S && callMethodVersion == 0) {
-                    args = new Object[]{getAttributionSource(), "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
+                args = new Object[]{FakeContext.get().getAttributionSource(), "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
-                    break;
+            } else {
-                case 1:
+                switch (callMethodVersion) {
-                    args = new Object[]{ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, null, "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
+                    case 1:
-                    break;
+                        args = new Object[]{FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, null, "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
-                case 2:
+                        break;
-                    args = new Object[]{ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
+                    case 2:
-                    break;
+                        args = new Object[]{FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, "settings", callMethod, arg, extras};
-                default:
+                        break;
-                    args = new Object[]{ServiceManager.PACKAGE_NAME, callMethod, arg, extras};
+                    default:
-                    break;
+                        args = new Object[]{FakeContext.PACKAGE_NAME, callMethod, arg, extras};
+                        break;
+                }
             }
             return (Bundle) method.invoke(provider, args);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException | ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException e) {
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
             Ln.e("Could not invoke method", e);
             throw e;
         }
@@ -147,7 +138,7 @@ public class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
     public String getValue(String table, String key) throws SettingsException {
         String method = getGetMethod(table);
         Bundle arg = new Bundle();
-        arg.putInt(CALL_METHOD_USER_KEY, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+        arg.putInt(CALL_METHOD_USER_KEY, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         try {
             Bundle bundle = call(method, key, arg);
             if (bundle == null) {
@@ -163,7 +154,7 @@ public class ContentProvider implements Closeable {
     public void putValue(String table, String key, String value) throws SettingsException {
         String method = getPutMethod(table);
         Bundle arg = new Bundle();
-        arg.putInt(CALL_METHOD_USER_KEY, ServiceManager.USER_ID);
+        arg.putInt(CALL_METHOD_USER_KEY, FakeContext.ROOT_UID);
         arg.putString(NAME_VALUE_TABLE_VALUE, value);
         try {
             call(method, key, arg);

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/wrappers/ServiceManager.java

@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 @SuppressLint("PrivateApi,DiscouragedPrivateApi")
 public final class ServiceManager {
 
-    public static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.shell";
-    public static final int USER_ID = 0;
-
     private static final Method GET_SERVICE_METHOD;
     static {
         try {