android_frameworks_base/docs/html/training/gestures/scale.jd

page.title=Dragging and Scaling
parent.title=Using Touch Gestures
parent.link=index.html

trainingnavtop=true
next.title=Managing Touch Events in a ViewGroup
next.link=viewgroup.html

@jd:body

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<!-- table of contents -->
<h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#drag">Drag an Object</a></li>
  <li><a href="#scale">Use Touch to Perform Scaling</a></li>
</ol>

<!-- other docs (NOT javadocs) -->
<h2>You should also read</h2>

<ul>
    <li><a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/ui-events.html">Input Events</a> API Guide
    </li>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/sensors/sensors_overview.html">Sensors Overview</a></li>
    <li><a href="http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/06/making-sense-of-multitouch.html">Making Sense of Multitouch</a> blog post</li>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}training/custom-views/making-interactive.html">Making the View Interactive</a> </li>
    <li>Design Guide for <a href="{@docRoot}design/patterns/gestures.html">Gestures</a></li>
    <li>Design Guide for <a href="{@docRoot}design/style/touch-feedback.html">Touch Feedback</a></li>
</ul>


</div>
</div>
<p>This lesson describes how to use touch gestures to drag and scale on-screen
objects, using {@link android.view.View#onTouchEvent onTouchEvent()} to intercept
touch events. Here is the original <a
href="http://code.google.com/p/android-touchexample/">source code</a>
for the examples used in this lesson.
</p>

<h2 id="drag">Drag an Object</h2>

<p class="note">If you are targeting Android 3.0 or higher, you can use the built-in drag-and-drop event 
listeners with {@link android.view.View.OnDragListener}, as described in 
<a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/drag-drop.html">Drag and Drop</a>.

<p>A common operation for a touch gesture is to use it to drag an object across
the screen. The following snippet lets the user drag an on-screen image. Note
the following:</p>

<ul>

<li>In a drag (or scroll) operation, the app has to keep track of the original pointer
(finger), even if additional fingers get placed on the screen. For example,
imagine that while dragging the image around, the user places a second finger on
the touch screen and lifts the first finger. If your app is just tracking
individual pointers, it will regard the second pointer as the default and move
the image to that location.</li>

<li>To prevent this from happening, your app needs to distinguish between the 
original pointer and any follow-on pointers. To do this, it tracks the 
{@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_POINTER_DOWN} and 
{@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_POINTER_UP} events described in 
<a href="multi.html">Handling Multi-Touch Gestures</a>. 
{@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_POINTER_DOWN} and 
{@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_POINTER_UP} are 
passed to the {@link android.view.View#onTouchEvent onTouchEvent()} callback 
whenever a secondary pointer goes down or up. </li>


<li>In the {@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_POINTER_UP} case, the example
extracts this index and ensures that the active pointer ID is not referring to a
pointer that is no longer touching the screen. If it is, the app selects a
different pointer to be active and saves its current X and Y position. Since
this saved position is used in the {@link android.view.MotionEvent#ACTION_MOVE}
case to calculate the distance to move the onscreen object, the app will always
calculate the distance to move using data from the correct pointer.</li>

</ul>

<p>The following snippet enables a user to drag an object around on the screen. It records the initial
position of the active pointer, calculates the distance the pointer traveled, and moves the object to the
new position. It correctly manages the possibility of additional pointers, as described
above.</p> 

<p>Notice that the snippet uses the {@link android.view.MotionEvent#getActionMasked getActionMasked()} method. 
You should always use this method (or better yet, the compatability version 
{@link android.support.v4.view.MotionEventCompat#getActionMasked MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked()}) 
to retrieve the action of a
{@link android.view.MotionEvent}. Unlike the older 
{@link android.view.MotionEvent#getAction getAction()} 
method, {@link android.support.v4.view.MotionEventCompat#getActionMasked getActionMasked()} 
is designed to work with multiple pointers. It returns the masked action 
being performed, without including the pointer index bits.</p>

<pre>// The ‘active pointer’ is the one currently moving our object.
private int mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;

&#64;Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // Let the ScaleGestureDetector inspect all events.
    mScaleDetector.onTouchEvent(ev);
             
    final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev); 
        
    switch (action) { 
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: {
        final int pointerIndex = MotionEventCompat.getActionIndex(ev); 
        final float x = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, pointerIndex); 
        final float y = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, pointerIndex); 
            
        // Remember where we started (for dragging)
        mLastTouchX = x;
        mLastTouchY = y;
        // Save the ID of this pointer (for dragging)
        mActivePointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, 0);
        break;
    }
            
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
        // Find the index of the active pointer and fetch its position
        final int pointerIndex = 
                MotionEventCompat.findPointerIndex(ev, mActivePointerId);  
            
        final float x = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, pointerIndex);
        final float y = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, pointerIndex);
            
        // Only move if the ScaleGestureDetector isn't processing a gesture.
        if (!mScaleDetector.isInProgress()) {
            // Calculate the distance moved
            final float dx = x - mLastTouchX;
            final float dy = y - mLastTouchY;

            mPosX += dx;
            mPosY += dy;

            invalidate();
        }
        // Remember this touch position for the next move event
        mLastTouchX = x;
        mLastTouchY = y;

        break;
    }
            
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
        mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;
        break;
    }
            
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: {
        mActivePointerId = INVALID_POINTER_ID;
        break;
    }
        
    case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: {
            
        final int pointerIndex = MotionEventCompat.getActionIndex(ev); 
        final int pointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, pointerIndex); 

        if (pointerId == mActivePointerId) {
            // This was our active pointer going up. Choose a new
            // active pointer and adjust accordingly.
            final int newPointerIndex = pointerIndex == 0 ? 1 : 0;
            mLastTouchX = MotionEventCompat.getX(ev, newPointerIndex); 
            mLastTouchY = MotionEventCompat.getY(ev, newPointerIndex); 
            mActivePointerId = MotionEventCompat.getPointerId(ev, newPointerIndex);
        }
        break;
    }
    }       
    return true;
}</pre>

<h2 id="scale">Use Touch to Perform Scaling</h2>

<p>As discussed in <a href="detector.html">Detecting Common Gestures</a>,
{@link android.view.GestureDetector} helps you detect common gestures used by
Android such as scrolling, flinging, and long press. For scaling, Android
provides {@link android.view.ScaleGestureDetector}. {@link
android.view.GestureDetector} and {@link android.view.ScaleGestureDetector} can
be used together when you  want a view to recognize additional gestures.</p>

<p>To report detected  gesture events, gesture detectors use listener objects 
passed to their constructors. {@link android.view.ScaleGestureDetector} uses 
{@link android.view.ScaleGestureDetector.OnScaleGestureListener}. 
Android provides 
{@link android.view.ScaleGestureDetector.SimpleOnScaleGestureListener} 
as a helper class that you can extend if you don’t care about all of the reported events.</p>

<p>Here is a snippet that gives you the basic idea of how to perform scaling.
Here is the original <a
href="http://code.google.com/p/android-touchexample/">source code</a>
for the examples.</p>

<pre>private ScaleGestureDetector mScaleDetector;
private float mScaleFactor = 1.f;

public MyCustomView(Context mContext){
    ...
    // View code goes here
    ...
    mScaleDetector = new ScaleGestureDetector(context, new ScaleListener());
}

&#64;Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // Let the ScaleGestureDetector inspect all events.
    mScaleDetector.onTouchEvent(ev);
    return true;
}

&#64;Override
public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
    super.onDraw(canvas);

    canvas.save();
    canvas.scale(mScaleFactor, mScaleFactor);
    ...
    // onDraw() code goes here
    ...
    canvas.restore();
}

private class ScaleListener 
        extends ScaleGestureDetector.SimpleOnScaleGestureListener {
    &#64;Override
    public boolean onScale(ScaleGestureDetector detector) {
        mScaleFactor *= detector.getScaleFactor();

        // Don't let the object get too small or too large.
        mScaleFactor = Math.max(0.1f, Math.min(mScaleFactor, 5.0f));

        invalidate();
        return true;
    }
}</pre>