android_frameworks_base/docs/html/tools/debugging/index.jd

page.title=Debugging
@jd:body


 <div id="qv-wrapper">
    <div id="qv">
      <h2>In this document</h2>

      <ol>
        <li><a href="#stack">Debugging Environment</a></li>

        <li><a href="#addltools">Additional Debugging Tools</a></li>

        <li><a href="#tips">Debugging Tips</a></li>
      </ol>
    </div>
  </div>

  <p>The Android SDK provides most of the tools that you need to debug your applications. You need
  a JDWP-compliant debugger if you want to be able to do things such as step through code,
  view variable values, and pause execution of an application. If you are using Eclipse, a
  JDWP-compliant debugger is already included and there is no setup required. If you are using
  another IDE, you can use the debugger that comes with it and attach the debugger to a special
  port so it can communicate with the application VMs on your devices. The main components that
  comprise a typical Android debugging environment are:</p>

  <dl>
    <dt><a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html"><strong>adb</strong></a></dt>

    <dd><code>adb</code> acts as a middleman between a device and your development system. It provides various
    device management capabilities, including moving and syncing files to the emulator, running a
    UNIX shell on the device or emulator, and providing a general means to communicate with
    connected emulators and devices.</dd>

    <dt><a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/ddms.html"><strong>Dalvik Debug Monitor
    Server</strong></a></dt>

    <dd>DDMS is a graphical program that communicates with your devices through <code>adb</code>. DDMS can
    capture screenshots, gather thread and stack information, spoof incoming calls and SMS
    messages, and has many other features.</dd>

    <dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}tools/device.html">Device</a> or
    <a href="{@docRoot}tools/devices/index.html">Android Virtual Device</a></strong></dt>

    <dd>Your application must run in a device or in an AVD so that it can be debugged. An <code>adb</code> device
    daemon runs on the device or emulator and provides a means for the <code>adb</code> host daemon to
    communicate with the device or emulator.</dd>

    <dt><strong>JDWP debugger</strong></dt>

    <dd>The Dalvik VM (Virtual Machine) supports the JDWP protocol to allow debuggers to attach to
    a VM. Each application runs in a VM and exposes a unique port that you can attach a debugger to
    via DDMS. If you want to debug multiple applications, attaching to each port might become
    tedious, so DDMS provides a port forwarding feature that can forward a specific VM's debugging
    port to port 8700. You can switch freely from application to application by highlighting it in the
    Devices tab of DDMS. DDMS forwards the appropriate port to port 8700. Most modern Java IDEs include a JDWP debugger,
    or you can use a command line debugger such as <a href="http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/">
    <code>jdb</code></a>.</dd>
  </dl>

  <h2>Debugging Environment</h2>

  <p>Figure 1 shows how the various debugging tools work together in a typical
  debugging environment.</p>
  <img src="{@docRoot}images/debugging.png"
        alt="Debugging workflow" />
  <p class="img-caption><strong>Figure 1. </strong> Debugging Workflow</p>

  <p>On your emulator or device, each application runs in its own instance of a Dalvik VM. The <code>adb</code>
  device daemon allows communication with the VMs from an outside party.</p>

  <p>On your development machine, the <code>adb</code> host daemon communicates with the <code>adb</code> device daemon and
  allows tools such as DDMS to communicate with the device or emulator. The <code>adb</code> host daemon also
  allows you to access shell commands on the device as well as providing capabilities such as
  application installation and file transferring.</p>

  <p>Each application VM on the device or emulator exposes a debugging port that you can attach to
  via DDMS. DDMS can forward any of these ports to a static debugging port (typically port 8700) by
  selecting the application that you want to debug in the DDMS user interface. A JDWP debugger can
  attach to this static debugging port and debug all the applications that are running on the
  device or emulator without having to attach to multiple ports.</p>

  <p>If you are using Eclipse, much of these interconnections are hidden from you. DDMS, <code>adb</code>, and a
  JDWP debugger are all setup for you and you can access them through the Debug and DDMS
  perspectives in Eclipse. If you are developing in a non-Eclipse environment, you have to invoke
  these tools manually.</p>

  <h2 id="addltools">Additional Debugging Tools</h2>

  <p>In addition to the main debugging tools, the Android SDK provides additional tools to help you
  debug and profile your applications:</p>

  <dl>
    <dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/debugging-ui.html">Heirarchy Viewer
    and layoutopt</a></strong></dt>

    <dd>Graphical programs that let you debug and profile user interfaces.</dd>

    <dt><strong><a href=
    "{@docRoot}tools/debugging/debugging-tracing.html">Traceview</a></strong></dt>

    <dd>A graphical viewer that displays trace file data for method calls and times saved by your
    application, which can help you profile the performance of your application.</dd>

    <dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/debugging-devtools.html">Dev Tools
    Android application</a></strong></dt>

    <dd>The Dev Tools application included in the emulator system image exposes several settings
    that provide useful information such as CPU usage and frame rate. You can also transfer the
    application to a hardware device.</dd>
  </dl>


  <h2 id="tips">Debugging Tips</h2>

<p>While debugging, keep these helpful tips in mind to help you figure out common problems with your
applications:</p>

<dl>
<dt><strong>Dump the stack trace</strong></dt>
<dd>To obtain a stack dump from emulator, you can log
in with <code>adb shell</code>, use <code>ps</code> to find the process you
want, and then <code>kill -3</code>. The stack trace appears in the log file.
</dd>

<dt><strong>Display useful info on the emulator screen</strong></dt>
<dd>The device can display useful information such as CPU usage or highlights
around redrawn areas. Turn these features on and off in the developer settings
window as described in <a href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/debugging-devtools.html">
Debugging with the Dev Tools App</a>.
</dd>

<dt><strong>Get application and system state information from the emulator</strong></dt>
<dd>You can access dumpstate information from the <code>adb shell</code> commands. See
<a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/adb.html#dumpsys">dumpsys and
dumpstate</a> on the adb topic page.</dd>



<dt><strong>Get wireless connectivity information</strong></dt>
<dd>You can get information about wireless connectivity using DDMS.
From the <strong>Device</strong> menu, select <strong>Dump
radio state</strong>.</dd>

<dt><strong>Log trace data</strong></dt>
<dd>You can log method calls and other tracing data in an activity by calling
{@link android.os.Debug#startMethodTracing(String) startMethodTracing()}. See <a
href="{@docRoot}tools/debugging/debugging-tracing.html">Profiling with Traceview and
dmtracedump</a> for details. </dd>

<dt><strong>Log radio data</strong></dt>
<dd>By default, radio information is not logged to the system (it is a lot of
data). However, you can enable radio logging using the following commands:

<pre class="no-pretty-print">
adb shell
logcat -b radio
</pre>
</dd>

<dt><strong>Capture screenshots</strong></dt>
<dd>The Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) can capture screenshots from the emulator. Select
<strong>Device > Screen capture</strong>.</dd>

<dt><strong>Use debugging helper classes</strong></dt>
<dd>Android provides debug helper classes such as {@link android.util.Log
    util.Log} and {@link android.os.Debug} for your convenience. </dd>

<dt><strong>Garbage collection</strong></dt>
<dd>
The debugger and garbage collector are currently loosely integrated. The VM guarantees that any
object the debugger is aware of is not garbage collected until after the debugger disconnects.
This can result in a buildup of objects over time while the debugger is connected. For example,
if the debugger sees a running thread, the associated {@link java.lang.Thread} object is not
garbage collected even after the thread terminates.
</dd>

</dl>