page.title=Getting Started with Testing
page.tags="testing"
page.article=true
page.image=images/tools/studio-main-screen.png

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<h2>Dependencies and prerequisites</h2>
<ul>
  <li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/studio/index.html">Android Studio (latest version)</a>.</li>
</ul>

<h2>This lesson teaches you to</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="#setup">Set Up Your Testing Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="#build">Build and Run Your Tests</a></li>
</ol>

<h2>You Should Also Read</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}tools/testing/testing_android.html">Testing Concepts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing"
  class="external-link">Android Testing Samples</a></li>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}about/dashboards/index.html">Android Dashboards</a></li>
</ul>

</div>
</div>

<p>You should be writing and running tests as part of your Android app development cycle.
Well-written tests can help you catch bugs early in development and give you confidence in your
code.</p>

<p>To verify specific behavior in your app, and to check for consistency across different Android
devices, you can write a <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_case"
class="external-link">test case</a>. This lesson teaches you how to build a test case using the
JUnit 4 framework and the testing APIs and tools provided by Google, and how to run your
tests.</p>

<h2 id="setup">Set Up Your Testing Environment</h2>

<p>Before you start writing and running your tests, you must set up your test
development environment. Android Studio provides an integrated development environment for you to
create, build, and run Android app test cases from a graphical user interface (GUI).</p>

<p>You must first download the prerequisite Android development tools before proceeding:
<ul>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}sdk/index.html">Android Studio</a> (latest version).</li>
<li>The latest Android Support Repository using the
  <a href="{@docRoot}tools/help/sdk-manager.html">SDK Manager</a>. </li>
</ul>

<p>Based on the type of test you want to create, configure the test code source location and the
  project dependencies in Android Studio as described in the following sections.</p>

<h3 id="config-local-tests">Configure Your Project for Local Unit Tests</h3>
<p><em>Local unit tests</em> are tests that run on your local machine, without needing access to the
Android framework or an Android device. To learn how to develop local units tests, see
<a href="{@docRoot}training/testing/unit-testing/local-unit-tests.html">
Building Local Unit Tests</a>.</p>
<p>In your Android Studio project, you must store the source files for local unit tests under a
specific source directory ({@code src/test/java}). This feature improves your project organization
by letting you group your unit tests together into a single source set.</p>
<p>As with production code, you can create local unit tests for a
<a href="http://developer.android.com/tools/building/configuring-gradle.html#workBuildVariants"
class="external-link">specific flavor or build type</a>. Keep your unit tests in a test
source tree location that corresponds to your production source tree, such as:</p>

<table>
<tr>
<th>Path to Production Class</th>
<th>Path to Local Unit Test Class</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{@code src/main/java/Foo.java}</td>
<td>{@code src/test/java/FooTest.java}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{@code src/debug/java/Foo.java}</td>
<td>{@code src/testDebug/java/FooTest.java}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{@code src/myFlavor/java/Foo.java}</td>
<td>{@code src/testMyFlavor/java/FooTest.java}</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p>You'll need to configure the testing dependencies for your project to use the
  standard APIs provided by the JUnit 4 framework. To simplify your local unit test development,
  we recommend that you include the <a href="https://github.com/mockito/mockito"
  class="external-link">Mockito</a> library if your test needs to interact with Android
  dependencies. To learn more about using mock objects in your local unit tests, see
<a href="{@docRoot}training/testing/unit-testing/local-unit-tests.html#mocking-dependencies">
  Mocking Android dependencies</a>.</p>
<p>In the {@code build.gradle} file of your Android app module, specify your dependencies like
this:</p>

<pre>
dependencies {
    // Required -- JUnit 4 framework
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    // Optional -- Mockito framework
    testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
}
</pre>

<h3 id="config-instrumented-tests">Configure Your Project for Instrumented Tests</h3>
<p><em>Instrumented tests</em> are tests that run on an Android device or emulator. These tests
have access to {@link android.app.Instrumentation} information, such as the
{@link android.content.Context} for the app under test. Instrumented tests can be used for unit,
user interface (UI), or app component integration testing. To learn how to develop instrumented
tests for your specific needs, see these additional topics:
<ul>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}training/testing/unit-testing/instrumented-unit-tests.html">
    Building Instrumented Unit Tests</a> - Build more complex unit tests that have Android
    dependencies which cannot be easily filled by using mock objects.</li>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}training/testing/ui-testing/index.html">
    Automating User Interface Tests</a> - Create tests to verify that the user interface behaves
    correctly for user interactions within a single app or for interactions across multiple apps.</li>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}training/testing/integration-testing/index.html">
    Testing App Component Integrations</a> - Verify the behavior of components that users do not
directly interact with, such as a <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/services.html">Service</a> or
a <a href="guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html">Content Provider</a>.</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
In your Android Studio project, you must place the source code for your instrumentated tests under
a specific directory (<code>src/androidTest/java</code>).
</p>
<p>
Download the Android Testing Support Library, which provides APIs that allow you to quickly build and
run instrumented test code for your apps. The Testing Support Library includes a JUnit 4 test runner
(<a href="{@docRoot}tools/testing-support-library/index.html#AndroidJUnitRunner">AndroidJUnitRunner
</a>) and APIs for functional UI tests
(<a href="{@docRoot}tools/testing-support-library/index.html#Espresso">Espresso</a> and
<a href="{@docRoot}tools/testing-support-library/index.html#UIAutomator">UI Automator</a>). To
learn how to install the library, see
<a href="{@docRoot}tools/testing-support-library/index.html#setup">Testing Support Library Setup</a>.
</p>
<p>You'll need to configure the Android testing dependencies for your project to use the test runner
and the rules APIs provided by the Testing Support Library. To simplify your test development,
we also recommend that you include the <a href="https://github.com/hamcrest"
class="external-link">Hamcrest</a> library, which lets you create more flexible assertions using the
Hamcrest matcher APIs.</p>
<p>In the {@code build.gradle} file of your Android app module, specify your dependencies like
this:</p>
<pre>
dependencies {
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1'
    // Optional -- Hamcrest library
    androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
    // Optional -- UI testing with Espresso
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
    // Optional -- UI testing with UI Automator
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
}
</pre>

<h2 id="build">Build and Run Your Tests</h2>

<p>You can run build and run your tests in a similar way to how you run your Android apps --
  graphically in Android Studio or from the command-line using the
<a href="{@docRoot}tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html">
Android Plugin for Gradle</a>.</p>

<h3 id="run-local-tests">Run Local Unit Tests</h3>
<p>
The Android Plugin for Gradle compiles the local unit test code located in the default directory
({@code src/test/java}), builds a test app, and executes it locally
using the default test runner class.
</p>
<p>
To run local unit tests in your Gradle project from Android Studio:
</p>
<ol>
<li>In the <strong>Project</strong> window, right click on the project and synchronize your project.
</li>
<li>Open the <strong>Build Variants</strong> window by clicking the left-hand tab, then change the
test artifact to <em>Unit Tests</em>.
</li>
<li>In the <strong>Project</strong> window, drill down to your unit test class or method,
then right-click and run it. To run all tests in the unit test directory, select the directory then
right-click and press <strong>Run tests</strong>.
</li>
</ol>

<p>Android Studio displays the results of the unit test execution in the <strong>Run</strong>
window.</p>

<p>To run local unit tests in your Gradle project from the command-line, call the {@code test} task
command.</p>

<pre>
./gradlew test
</pre>

<p>If there are failing tests, the command will display links to HTML reports (one per build
variant). You can find the generated HTML test result reports in the
{@code &lt;path_to_your_project&gt;/app/build/reports/tests/} directory, and the corresponding XML
files in the {@code &lt;path_to_your_project&gt;/app/build/test-results/} directory.</p>

<h3 id="run-instrumented-tests">Run Instrumented Tests</h3>
<p>
The Android Plugin for Gradle compiles the instrumented test code located in the default directory
({@code src/androidTest/java}), builds a test APK and production APK, installs both APKs on the
connected device or emulator, and executes the tests.</p>

<p>Make sure to specify
<a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/support/test/runner/AndroidJUnitRunner.html">
{@code AndroidJUnitRunner}</a> as the default test instrumentation runner in your project. To do
this, add the following setting in your {@code build.gradle} file:</p>

<pre>
android {
    defaultConfig {
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}
</pre>

<p>To run your instrumented tests in Android Studio:</p>
<ol>
<li>Open the <strong>Build Variants</strong> window by clicking the left-hand tab, then set the
test artifact to <em>Android Instrumentation Tests</em>.
</li>
<li>In the <strong>Project</strong> window, drill down to your instrumented test class or method,
  then right-click and run it using the Android Test configuration. To run all tests in the
instrumented test directory, select the directory then right-click and press
<strong>Run tests</strong>.
</li>
</ol>

<p>Android Studio displays the results of the instrumented test execution in the
<strong>Run</strong> window.</p>

<p>To run your instrumented tests from the command-line via Gradle, call the
  {@code connectedAndroidTest} (or {@code cAT}) task:</p>

<pre>
./gradlew cAT
</pre>

<p>You can find the generated HTML test result reports in the
{@code &lt;path_to_your_project&gt;/app/build/outputs/reports/androidTests/connected/} directory,
and the corresponding XML files in the
{@code &lt;path_to_your_project&gt;/app/build/outputs/androidTest-results/connected/} directory.</p>