android_frameworks_base/docs/html/guide/developing/eclipse-adt.jd

page.title=Developing In Eclipse, with ADT
@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
  <div id="qv">
  <h2>In this document</h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#CreatingAProject">Creating an Android Project</a></li>
    <li><a href="#AVD">Creating an AVD</a></li>
    <li><a href="#Running">Running Your Application</a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#RunningOnEmulator">Running on the emulator</a></li>
        <li><a href="#RunningOnDevice">Running on a device</a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#RunConfig">Creating a Custom Run Configuration</a></li>
    <li><a href="#Signing">Setting Up Application Signing</a></li>
    <li><a href="#Tips">Eclipse Tips</a></li>
  </div>
</div>


<p>The Android Development Tools (ADT) plugin for Eclipse adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse 
integrated development environment. It allows you to create and debug Android applications easier 
and faster. If you use Eclipse, the ADT plugin gives you an incredible boost in developing Android 
applications:</p>

<ul>
  <li>It gives you access to other Android development tools from inside the Eclipse IDE. For 
example, ADT lets you access the many capabilities of the DDMS tool: take screenshots, manage 
port-forwarding, set breakpoints, and view thread and process information directly from
Eclipse.</li>
  <li>It provides a New Project Wizard, which helps you quickly create and set up all of the 
basic files you'll need for a new Android application.</li>
  <li>It automates and simplifies the process of building your Android application.</li>
  <li>It provides an Android code editor that helps you write valid XML for your Android 
manifest and resource files.</li>
  <li>It will even export your project into a signed APK, which can be distributed to users.</li>
</ul>

<p>To begin developing Android applications in the Eclipse IDE with ADT, you first need to 
download the Eclipse IDE and then download and install the ADT plugin. To do so, follow the 
steps given in <a href="{@docRoot}sdk/eclipse-adt.html#installing">Installing 
the ADT Plugin</a>.</p>

<p>If you are already developing applications using a version of ADT earlier than 0.9, make
sure to upgrade to the latest version before continuing. See the guide to
<a href="{@docRoot}sdk/eclipse-adt.html#updating">Updating Your ADT Plugin</a>.</p>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> This guide assumes you are using the latest version of
the ADT plugin. While most of the information covered also applies to previous 
versions, if you are using an older version, you may want to consult this document from
the set of documentation included in your SDK package (instead of the online version).</p>


<h2  id="CreatingAProject">Creating an Android Project</h2>

<p>The ADT plugin provides a New Project Wizard that you can use to quickly create a new
Android project (or a project from existing code). To create a new project:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Select <strong>File</strong> &gt; <strong>New</strong> &gt; <strong>Project</strong>.</li>
  <li>Select <strong>Android</strong> &gt; <strong>Android Project</strong>, and click
    <strong>Next</strong>.</li>
  <li>Select the contents for the project:
    <ul>
      <li>Enter a <em>Project Name</em>. This will be the name of the folder where your
        project is created.</li>
      <li>Under Contents, select <strong>Create new project in workspace</strong>.
        Select your project workspace location.</li>
      <li>Under Target, select an Android target to be used as the project's Build Target. 
        The Build Target
        specifies which Android platform you'd like your application built against.
        <p>Unless you know that you'll be using new APIs introduced in the latest SDK, you should
        select a target with the lowest platform version possible.</p>
        <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You can change your the Build Target for your 
        project at any time: Right-click the project in the Package Explorer, select
        <strong>Properties</strong>, select <strong>Android</strong> and then check 
        the desired Project Target.</p>
      </li>
      <li>Under Properties, fill in all necessary fields.
        <ul>
          <li>Enter an <em>Application name</em>. This is the human-readable title for your 
            application &mdash; the name that will appear on the Android device.</li>
          <li>Enter a <em>Package name</em>. This is the package namespace (following the same rules
            as for packages in the Java programming language) where all your source code
            will reside.</li>
          <li>Select <em>Create Activity</em> (optional, of course, but common) and enter a name
            for your main Activity class.</li>
          <li>Enter a <em>Min SDK Version</em>. This is an integer that indicates
            the minimum API Level required to properly run your application. 
            Entering this here automatically sets the <code>minSdkVersion</code> attribute in the 
            <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/uses-sdk-element.html">&lt;uses-sdk&gt;</a>
            of your Android Manifest file. If you're unsure of the appropriate <a
href="{@docRoot}guide/appendix/api-levels.html">API Level</a> to use,
            copy the API Level listed for the Build Target you selected in the Target tab.</li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Click <strong>Finish</strong>.</li>
</ol>

<p class="note"><strong>Tip:</strong>
You can also start the New Project Wizard from the <em>New</em> icon in the toolbar.</p>

<p>Once you complete the New Project Wizard, ADT creates the following 
folders and files in your new project:</p>
  <dl>
    <dt><code>src/</code></dt>
      <dd>Includes your stub Activity Java file. All other Java files for your application
      go here.</dd>
    <dt><code><em>&lt;Android Version&gt;</em>/</code> (e.g., <code>Android 1.1/</code>)</dt>
      <dd>Includes the <code>android.jar</code> file that your application will build against. 
      This is determined by the build target that you have chosen in the <em>New Project
      Wizard</em>.</dd>
    <dt><code>gen/</code></dt>
      <dd>This contains the Java files generated by ADT, such as your <code>R.java</code> file
      and interfaces created from AIDL files.</dd>
    <dt><code>assets/</code></dt>
      <dd>This is empty. You can use it to store raw asset files. See 
      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/index.html">Resources and Assets</a>.</dd>
    <dt><code>res/</code></dt>
      <dd>A folder for your application resources, such as drawable files, layout files, string
      values, etc. See 
      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/index.html">Resources and Assets</a>.</dd>
    <dt><code>AndroidManifest.xml</code></dt>
      <dd>The Android Manifest for your project. See 
      <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html">The AndroidManifest.xml 
      File</a>.</dd>
    <dt><code>default.properties</code></dt>
      <dd>This file contains project settings, such as the build target. This files is integral
      to the project, as such, it should be maintained in a Source Revision Control system. 
      It should never be edited manually &mdash; to edit project properties, 
      right-click the project folder and select "Properties".</dd>
  </dl>


<h2 id="AVD">Creating an AVD</h2>

<p>An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a device configuration for the emulator that
allows you to model real world devices. In order to run an instance of the emulator, you must create
an AVD.</p>

<p>To create an AVD from Eclipse:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Select <strong>Window > Android SDK and AVD Manager</strong>, or click the Android SDK and
AVD Manager icon in the Eclipse toolbar.</p>
  </li>
  <li>In the <em>Virtual Devices</em> panel, you'll see a list of existing AVDs. Click
<strong>New</strong> to create a new AVD.</li>
  <li>Fill in the details for the AVD.
    <p>Give it a name, a platform target, an SD card size, and
    a skin (HVGA is default).</p>
    <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Be sure to define
    a target for your AVD that satisfies your application's Build Target (the AVD
    platform target must have an API Level equal to or greater than the API Level that your
application compiles against).</p>
  </li>
  <li>Click <strong>Create AVD</strong>.</li>
</ol>

<p>Your AVD is now ready and you can either close the SDK and AVD Manager, create more AVDs, or
launch an emulator with the AVD by selecting a device and clicking <strong>Start</strong>.</p>

<p>For more information about AVDs, read the
<a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/avd.html">Android Virtual Devices</a>
documentation.</p>


<h2 id="Running">Running Your Application</h2>

<div class="sidebox-wrapper">
<div class="sidebox">
<h2>Use the Emulator to Test Different Configurations</h2>
<p>Create multiple AVDs that each define a different device configuration with which your
application is compatible, then launch each AVD into a new emulator from the SDK and AVD Manager.
Set the target mode in your app's run configuration to manual, so that when you run your
application, you can select from the available virtual devices.</p>
</div>
</div>

<p>Running your application from Eclipse will usually require just a couple clicks, whether you're
running it on the emulator or on an attached device. The information below describes how to get
set up and run your application from Eclipse.</p>

<h3 id="RunningOnEmulator">Running on the emulator</h3>

<p>Before you can run your application on the Android Emulator,
you <strong>must</strong> <a href="#AVD">create an AVD</a>.</p>

<p>To run (or debug) your application, select <strong>Run</strong> &gt; <strong>Run</strong> (or
<strong>Run</strong> &gt; <strong>Debug</strong>) from the Eclipse menu bar. The ADT plugin
will automatically create a default launch configuration for the project. Eclipse will then perform
the following:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Compile the project (if there have been changes since the last build).</li>
  <li>Create a default launch configuration (if one does not already exist for the
project).</li>
  <li>Install and start the application on an emulator (or device), based on the Deployment
Target
    defined by the run configuration.
    <p>By default, Android run configurations use an "automatic target" mode for
    selecting a device target. For information on how automatic target mode selects a
    deployment target, see <a href="#AutoAndManualTargetModes">Automatic and manual
    target modes</a> below.</p>
  </li>
</ol>

<p>If debugging, the application will start in the "Waiting For Debugger" mode. Once the
debugger is attached, Eclipse will open the Debug perspective.</p>

<p>To set or change the launch configuration used for your project, use the launch configuration
manager.
See <a href="#launchconfig">Creating a Launch Configuration</a> for information.</p>

<p>Be certain to create multiple AVDs upon which to test your application. You should have one AVD
for each platform and screen type with which your application is compatible. For
instance, if your application compiles against the Android 1.5 (API Level 3) platform, you should
create an AVD for each platform equal to and greater than 1.5 and an AVD for each <a
href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/screens_support.html">screen type</a> you support, then test
your application on each one.</p>


<h3 id="RunningOnDevice">Running on a device</h3>

<p>Before you can run your application on a device, you must perform some basic setup for your
device:</p>

<ul>
  <li>Declare your application as debuggable in your manifest</li>
  <li>Enable USB Debugging on your device</li>
  <li>Ensure that your development computer can detect your device when connected via USB</li>
</ul>
<p>Read <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/device.html#setting-up">Setting up a Device for
Development</a> for more information.</p>

<p>Once set up and your device is connected via USB, install your application on the device by
selecting <strong>Run</strong> &gt; <strong>Run</strong> (or
<strong>Run</strong> &gt; <strong>Debug</strong>) from the Eclipse menu bar.</p>



<h2 id="RunConfig">Creating a Run Configuration</h2>

<p>The run configuration specifies the project to run, the Activity 
to start, the emulator or connected device to use, and so on. When you first run a project
as an <em>Android Application</em>, ADT will automatically create a run configuration.
The default run configuration will
launch the default project Activity and use automatic target mode for device selection 
(with no preferred AVD). If the default settings don't suit your project, you can 
customize the launch configuration or even create a new.</p>

<p>To create or modify a launch configuration, follow these steps as appropriate 
for your Eclipse version:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Open the run configuration manager.
        <ul>
          <li>In Eclipse 3.3 (Europa), select <strong>Run</strong> &gt; 
            <strong>Open Run Dialog</strong> (or <strong>Open Debug Dialog</strong>)
          </li>
          <li>In Eclipse 3.4 (Ganymede), select <strong>Run </strong>&gt; 
            <strong>Run Configurations</strong> (or
            <strong>Debug Configurations</strong>)
          </li>
      </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Expand the <strong>Android Application</strong> item and create a new
  configuration or open an existing one.
    <ul>
      <li>To create a new configuration:
        <ol>
          <li>Select <strong>Android Application</strong> and click the <em>New launch
configuration</em>
          icon above the list (or, right-click  <strong>Android Application</strong> and click 
          <strong>New</strong>).</li>
          <li>Enter a Name for your configuration.</li>
          <li>In the Android tab, browse and select the project you'd like to run with the
          configuration.</li>
        </ol>
      <li>To open an existing configuration, select the configuration name from the list
      nested below <strong>Android Application</strong>.</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>Adjust your desired launch configuration settings.
    <p>In the Target tab, consider whether you'd like to use Manual or Automatic mode
    when selecting an AVD to run your application.
    See the following section on <a href=#AutoAndManualModes">Automatic and manual target 
    modes</a>).</p>
    <p>You can specify any emulator options to the Additional Emulator Command
    Line Options field. For example, you could add <code>-scale 96dpi</code> to
    scale the AVD's screen to an accurate size, based on the dpi of your
    computer monitor. For a full list of emulator options, see the <a
    href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/emulator.html">Android Emulator</a>
document.</p>
  </li>
</ol>


<h3 id="AutoAndManualTargetModes">Automatic and manual target modes</h3>

<p>By default, a run configuration uses the <strong>automatic</strong> target mode in order to
select
an AVD. In this mode, ADT will select an AVD for the application in the following manner:</p>

<ol>
  <li>If there's a device or emulator already running and its AVD configuration
  meets the requirements of the application's build target, the application is installed
  and run upon it.</li>
  <li>If there's more than one device or emulator running, each of which meets the requirements
  of the build target, a "device chooser" is shown to let you select which device to use.</li>
  <li>If there are no devices or emulators running that meet the requirements of the build target, 
  ADT looks at the available AVDs. If one meets the requirements of the build target,
  the AVD is used to launch a new emulator, upon which the application is installed and run.</li>
  <li>If all else fails, the application will not be run and you will see a console error warning
  you that there is no existing AVD that meets the build target requirements.</li>
</ol>

<p>However, if a "preferred AVD" is selected in the run configuration, then the application 
will <em>always</em> be deployed to that AVD. If it's not already running, then a new emulator
will be launched.</p>

<p>If your run configuration uses <strong>manual</strong> mode, then the "device chooser" 
is presented every time that your application is run, so that you can select which AVD to use.</p>


<h2 id="Signing">Signing your Applications</h2>

<p>As you begin developing Android applications, understand that all
Android applications must be digitally signed before the system will install
them on an emulator or an actual device. There are two ways to do this:
with a debug key (for immediate testing on an emulator or development device)
or with a private key (for application distribution).</p>

<p>The ADT plugin helps you get started quickly by signing your .apk files with
a debug key, prior to installing them on an emulator or development device. This means that you can
quickly run your application from Eclipse without having to
generate your own private key. No specific action on your part is needed, 
provided ADT has access to Keytool.However, please note that if you intend
to publish your application, you <strong>must</strong> sign the application with your
own private key, rather than the debug key generated by the SDK tools.</p>

<p>Please read <a href="{@docRoot}guide/publishing/app-signing.html">Signing Your
Applications</a>, which provides a thorough guide to application signing on Android
and what it means to you as an Android application developer. The document also includes
a guide to exporting and signing your application with the ADT's Export Wizard.</p>


<h2 id="Tips">Eclipse Tips </h2>

<h3 id="arbitraryexpressions">Executing arbitrary Java expressions in Eclipse</h3>

<p>You can execute arbitrary code when paused at a breakpoint in Eclipse. For example,
    when in a function with a String argument called &quot;zip&quot;, you can get
    information about packages and call class methods. You can also invoke arbitrary
    static methods: for example, entering <code>android.os.Debug.startMethodTracing()</code> will
    start dmTrace. </p>
<p>Open a code execution window, select <strong>Window</strong> &gt; <strong>Show
        View</strong> &gt; <strong>Display</strong> from the main menu to open the
        Display window, a simple text editor. Type your expression, highlight the
        text, and click the 'J' icon (or CTRL + SHIFT + D) to run your
        code. The code runs in the context of the selected thread, which must be
        stopped at a breakpoint or single-step point. (If you suspend the thread
        manually, you have to single-step once; this doesn't work if the thread is
        in Object.wait().)</p>
<p>If you are currently paused on a breakpoint, you can simply highlight and execute
    a piece of source code by pressing CTRL + SHIFT + D. </p>
<p>You can highlight a block of text within the same scope by pressing ALT +SHIFT
    + UP ARROW to select larger and larger enclosing blocks, or DOWN ARROW to select
    smaller blocks. </p>
<p>Here are a few sample inputs and responses in Eclipse using the Display window.</p>

<table width="100%" border="1">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Input</th>
        <th scope="col">Response</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><code>zip</code></td>
        <td><code>(java.lang.String) 
        /work/device/out/linux-x86-debug/android/app/android_sdk.zip</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><code>zip.endsWith(&quot;.zip&quot;)</code></td>
        <td><code>(boolean) true</code></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><code>zip.endsWith(&quot;.jar&quot;)</code></td>
        <td><code>(boolean) false</code></td>
    </tr>
</table>
<p>You can also execute arbitrary code when not debugging by using a scrapbook page.
    Search the Eclipse documentation for &quot;scrapbook&quot;.</p>


<h3>Running DDMS Manually</h3>

<p>Although the recommended way to debug is to use the ADT plugin, you can manually run 
DDMS and configure Eclipse to debug on port 8700. (<strong>Note: </strong>Be sure that you 
have first started <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/ddms.html">DDMS</a>). </p>


<!-- TODO: clean this up and expand it to cover more wizards and features
<h3>ADT Wizards</h3>

<p>Notice that the "New Android Project" wizard has been expanded to use the multi-platform
capabilities of the new SDK.</p>

<p>There is now a "New XML File" wizard that lets you create skeleton XML resource
files for your Android projects. This makes it easier to create a new layout, a new menu, a
new strings file, etc.</p>

<p>Both wizards are available via <strong>File > New</strong> and new icons in the main
Eclipse toolbar (located to the left of the Debug and Run icons). 
If you do not see the new icons, you may need to select <strong>Window > Reset
Perspective</strong> from the Java perspective.</p>
-->